P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9 - 26. 〈10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012〉. 〈hal-01707836〉 Plus de détails...
Discharges of care, analyses and research activities from hospital wards are the source of the specificity of hospital effluents because they contain, among others, drug residues, detergents and disinfectants. Even if hospitals represent a small fraction of the total drug load discharged into the environment, below 10% for drugs, the characterization of this specific effluent shows that global pollution is 2–3 times more concentrated than urban wastewater. Moreover this ratio increases to 150 times for some micropollutants. Activated sludge acclimation in 2 membrane bioreactor (MBR) configurations (external and external submerged) to effluents from an oncological ward will be studied monitoring the performances on conventional pollution parameters (chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, total suspended solids etc.). The performances of drug degradation are compared with the data of the literature and with degradation tests in batch reactor with no acclimated biomass from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The results are achieved for effluents with a high concentration of drug molecules, up to 6.82 mg L−1 for ifosfamide. The treatment allows the development of enhanced purification efficiencies on drug molecules and confirms the choice of a MBR process to treat this effluent, although the simultaneous presence of the various compounds leads to a complex biological response. Indeed, 5-FU was eliminated almost systematically over 90%. Sulfamethoxazole and codeine can be significantly eliminated biologically, respectively to 79 and 95%. IF and CP removal in the reactor appeared more moderate since it does not exceed 40% but membrane fouling led to higher removals of both molecules.
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9 - 26. 〈10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012〉. 〈hal-01707836〉
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Performance of a biomass adapted to oncological ward wastewater vs. biomass from municipal WWTP on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2018, 128, pp.193 - 205. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.037〉. 〈hal-01647153〉 Plus de détails...
The performance of a biomass adapted to Oncological Ward Wastewater (OWW) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared with that of a municipal WWTP, on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules and more specifically on their overall resistance and purifying ability in the presence of pharmaceutical cocktails. Sorption and biotransformation mechanisms on two antineoplastics, one antibiotic and a painkiller were evaluated. Sludge acclimated to OWW allowed for a 34% increase in the removal rate and in the minimum inhibition concentration. The percentage of the amounts of specific pharmaceutical compounds removed by biotransformation or by sorption were measured. These results are positive, as they show that the observed removal of pharmaceutical molecules by biomass acclimated to OWW can mostly be attributed to developed biotransformation, unlike the biomass from the municipal WWTP for which sorption is sometimes the only removal mechanism. The biotransformation kinetic and the solid-water distribution coefficients in this study show good agreement with literature data, even for much higher pharmaceutical concentrations in OWW.
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Performance of a biomass adapted to oncological ward wastewater vs. biomass from municipal WWTP on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2018, 128, pp.193 - 205. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.037〉. 〈hal-01647153〉
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Klaas Kaag, Philippe Moulin. Comparison of seawater and freshwater ultrafiltration on semi-industrial scale: ballast water treatment application. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, In press. 〈hal-01789024〉 Plus de détails...
Non-native aquatic species can be introduced in new areas through emptying of the ballast tanks, with a high impact on health, economy and environment. This is considered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO): (i) in 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BMW Convention) in order to diminish the risk of introducing harmful and/or potentially invasive species through ballast water. (ii) the BWM Convention entered into force on 8 September 2017 and could opens a new market for ballast water treatment. The aim for industry is to operate with an acceptable fouling rate between cleaning steps. Indeed, if fouling rates are low, clean in place will be infrequent. The aim of this work is to develop a sustainable ultrafiltration system designed for ballast water treatment and the first step is to have a better understanding of membrane fouling in relation to intake water variations. The major contribution and novelty of this study is successful ballast water treatment using an ultrafiltration process at industrial scale a high technological readiness level in order to show the applicability of the ultrafiltration processes for the ballast water treatment. In this study operating conditions were determined for seawater and freshwater conditions.
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Klaas Kaag, Philippe Moulin. Comparison of seawater and freshwater ultrafiltration on semi-industrial scale: ballast water treatment application. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, In press. 〈hal-01789024〉
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaelle Georges, Laure Siozade, Philippe Moulin. Nanoparticles Retention Potential of Multichannel Hollow Fiber Drinking Water Production Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2018, 4 (2), pp.74 - 84. 〈hal-01789032〉 Plus de détails...
This study aims to investigate the potential of nanoparticle retention of ultrafi ltration (UF) multichannel hollow fiber membrane. Filtration experiments of fl uorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs) (10 and 100 nm) and CdTe quantum dots (1.5 nm) suspensions were carried out under diff erent operating conditions to analyze the retention rate (RT), the fouling zone and the membrane productivity. Fouling mechanism occurring during the experiment has been correlated with the distribution profi les of NPs obtained during the membrane autopsy after fi ltration by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results show that large NPs are totally retained on the membrane surface. Medium NPs pass through the membrane at the beginning of the fi ltration and are gradually stopped in the membrane skin before forming a deposit on the membrane surface. The retention rate of small NPs also increases over time and an in-depth fouling of the membrane (skin + support) has been identifi ed. Mass balance and determination of NPs surface deposit thickness, in the case of a filtration cake, determined by CLSM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed the estimation of NPs amount trapped in the membrane structure (skin or support) and have been compared to the fouling resistance observed during the filtration run. The CLSM analysis of the membrane on its section presents, in that study, a signifi cant interest because of the high accuracy of the measures: 538.16 nm compared to the 5000 nm reported in a previous study.
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaelle Georges, Laure Siozade, Philippe Moulin. Nanoparticles Retention Potential of Multichannel Hollow Fiber Drinking Water Production Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2018, 4 (2), pp.74 - 84. 〈hal-01789032〉
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes: From lab-scale to pilot-scale. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2017, 123, pp.311 - 320. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.062〉. 〈hal-01631038〉 Plus de détails...
S.A. Toudji, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, J-L. Gardarein, Emilie Carretier. New experimental setup for continuous mass flux measurement in pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Elsevier, 2017, 124 (1), pp.252 - 259. 〈10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.029〉. 〈hal-01590253〉 Plus de détails...
Pervaporation is a separation process of liquid mixtures through a thin non-porous membrane. In vacuum pervaporation, the global mass flux is classically estimated by weighing the mass of permeate collected in cold traps. In this work, we propose a new experimental setup that allows a continuous measurement of the mass flux. The new mass flux method measurement was validated for single component permeation (ethanol and water) by comparing mass of permeate collected in cold traps with the level decrease of feed liquid measured with a pressure sensor. This new setup can be useful for laboratory studies dealing with the evolution of mass flux according to different parameters of the process as, for example, the permeate side pressure level or temperature of liquid feed.
S.A. Toudji, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, J-L. Gardarein, Emilie Carretier. New experimental setup for continuous mass flux measurement in pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Elsevier, 2017, 124 (1), pp.252 - 259. 〈10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.029〉. 〈hal-01590253〉
Tawfik El Moussaoui, Yasamine Jaouad, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot, Naaila Ouazzani. Biomass behaviour in a conventional activated sludge system treating olive mill wastewater. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2017, 39 (2), pp.190 - 202. 〈10.1080/09593330.2017.1296899〉. 〈hal-01816020〉 Plus de détails...
The current work aims to study the biomass behaviour in a continuous mode activated sludge system (ASS) treating olive mill wastewater (OMWW) through an increasing OMWW food to microorganism ration (F/M). To this end, the biomass growth, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), microbial characterization, sludge volume index (SVI) as well as COD and phenolic compounds removal efficiencies were examined over time. Results showed a successful growth of the biomass that reached 6.79 g(TSS) l(-1) and 5.42 g(VSS) l(-1). Its viability, its adaptability, and its good physiological activity were confirmed by the obtained result of SOUR with an average of 9.95 mg(O2)gV(SS)(-1)h(-1), as well as aerobic microbial population characterization in terms of aerobic revivable bacteria at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C, Pseudomonas sp., mould and yeast and total fungi. The concentration of these strains characterized by their ability to degrade effectively COD and phenolic compounds increased significantly (p < .05) over time. This demonstrated a great promptness in response to the increasing OMWW mass ratio. For all treatment steps, removal efficiencies were high and reached 95% of COD and 93% of phenolic compounds, also the flocs settleability shown by SVI measurement was optimal.
Tawfik El Moussaoui, Yasamine Jaouad, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot, Naaila Ouazzani. Biomass behaviour in a conventional activated sludge system treating olive mill wastewater. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2017, 39 (2), pp.190 - 202. 〈10.1080/09593330.2017.1296899〉. 〈hal-01816020〉
X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, et al.. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2017, 57 (10), pp.102001. 〈hal-01660974〉 Plus de détails...
The 2014-2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L-H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at beta(N) similar to 1.8 and n/n(GW) similar to 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D-T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed.
X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, et al.. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2017, 57 (10), pp.102001. 〈hal-01660974〉
Philippe Moulin. Drinking Water Production By Ultrafiltration: Mobile Technology Helps Fire Services. Water today, 2017, 11, pp.42-48. 〈hal-01656401〉 Plus de détails...
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, Benoit Laborie, et al.. Reused of Slurry By Membrane Processes for Microelectronic Industry. Water today, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. 〈hal-01656407〉 Plus de détails...
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, Benoit Laborie, et al.. Reused of Slurry By Membrane Processes for Microelectronic Industry. Water today, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. 〈hal-01656407〉
Sophie Arénillas, Maryse Drouin, Emmanuel Monnin, Philippe Moulin. Glycerin Removal from Ultrafiltration Flat Sheet Membranes by Filtration and Soaking. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2017, 3 (2), pp.102 - 108. 〈10.22079/jmsr.2016.23080〉. 〈hal-01647166〉 Plus de détails...
In the case of pharmaceutical processes, the presence of preservatives can be problematic and the quantity is subject to stringent standards. So, the aim of this study is to quantify the removal of glycerin contained in ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes by filtration and soaking. This is carried out over a wide range of membranes with different characteristics. The selected flat sheet membranes (with a surface of 14.5 cm²) have a Molecular Weight Cut-Off (MWCO) ranging from 5 to 60 kDa. They are made of different organic materials (polyethersulfone, regenerated cellulose and etc.) and are manufactured by different suppliers (Millipore, Sartorius, GE Osmonics, Novasep, Pall). The density and therefore the glycerin concentration measurements are carried out in filtered distilled water (dead-end filtration) and distilled water of soaking (diffusion phenomenon). This study gives experi-mental information about the glycerin quantity as a function of membrane characteristics and the position of glycerin on the membrane (skin layer and support). The various studied parameters are the removal kinetic, the filtered volume, the filtration pressure and the contact time.
Sophie Arénillas, Maryse Drouin, Emmanuel Monnin, Philippe Moulin. Glycerin Removal from Ultrafiltration Flat Sheet Membranes by Filtration and Soaking. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2017, 3 (2), pp.102 - 108. 〈10.22079/jmsr.2016.23080〉. 〈hal-01647166〉
Nicolas Combernoux, L. Schrive, V. Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes. Water today, 2017, 9, pp.44-58. 〈hal-01656412〉 Plus de détails...
Nicolas Combernoux, L. Schrive, V. Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes. Water today, 2017, 9, pp.44-58. 〈hal-01656412〉
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Irradiation effects on RO membranes: Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier, 2016, 134, pp.126-135. 〈10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.034〉. 〈hal-01461790〉 Plus de détails...
In this study, the investigation of the degradation of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane under gamma irradiation was carried out in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A gamma Co-60 source was used to reach irradiation doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 MGy, with a constant dose rate of 0.5 kGy h(-1). The RO membranes degradation was assessed using XPS and ATR-FTIR for the chemical modification of the membrane active layer. Ion chromatography, pH measurement and gas chromatography were also used to identify and quantify the species release in aqueous and gaseous phases. Results showed a difference in the degradation of the membrane active layer and support layer between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The different analysis performed suggested that the breakage of amide bonds was significantly higher in aerobic conditions rather than in anaerobic. This observation was confirmed by the measurement of an increasing amount of release species in aqueous and gaseous phase in aerobic conditions. Ester bonds scissions were highlighted as soon as the dose reached the value of 0.1 MGy in both conditions indicating an important sensitivity of the PVA-type coating of the RO membrane towards irradiation. Nevertheless, investigation of the top 10 nm surface of the active layer composition by XPS showed that the scissions of amide and ester bonds were similar in both conditions. Finally, all these results underlined a difference in the degradation mechanisms of the RO membranes: in anaerobic conditions, the degradation was limited to the top surface of the membrane and reductive species were involved in the degradation reactions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Irradiation effects on RO membranes: Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier, 2016, 134, pp.126-135. 〈10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.034〉. 〈hal-01461790〉
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007〉. 〈hal-01461796〉 Plus de détails...
This study investigates the effects due to the water content and to the drying pre-treatment on the extraction kinetics of solutes extracted from Dunaliella sauna microalgae by supercritical CO2. The extraction experiments were conducted at pressure range from 20 up to 40 MPa at a temperature of 333 K on crushed samples with water content varying from 5.5 up to 23 wt%. Three drying pre-treatments were applied: air flow drying at 318 K, air flow drying followed by additional microwave treatment and freeze-drying. A water content up to 23 wt% helps to extract a higher content of carotenoids (mainly beta-carotene) and does not restrict the extraction process. Sovova's mathematical model was applied and the parameters were adapted for the description of the extraction curves from samples containing high water content with a deviation between experimental and calculated values comprised between 1.1% and 4.3%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007〉. 〈hal-01461796〉
Nicolas Combernoux, Véronique Labed, Luc Schrive, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Effect of gamma irradiation at intermediate doses on the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Elsevier, 2015, 〈10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.017〉. 〈hal-01294902〉 Plus de détails...
The goal of this study is to explain the degradation of Polyamide (PA) composite reverse osmosis membrane (RO) in function of the irradiation dose. Irradiations were performed with a gamma 60Co source in wet conditions and under oxygen atmosphere. For different doses of 0.2 and 0.5 MGy with a constant dose rate of 0.5 kGy h−1, RO membranes performances (NaCl retention, permeability) were studied before and after irradiation. ATR-FTIR, ion chromatography and gas chromatography were used to characterize structural modification. Results showed that the permeability of RO membranes irradiated at 0.2 MGy exhibited a small decrease, related to scissions of the PVA coating. However, retention did not change at this dose. At 0.5 MGy, permeability showed a large increase of a factor around 2 and retention began to decrease from 99% to 95%. Chromatography measurements revealed a strong link between permselectivity properties variation, ion leakage and oxygen consumption. Add to ATR-FTIR observations, these results emphasized that the cleavages of amide and ester bonds were observed at 0.5 MGy, more precisely the loss of hydrogen bonds between polyamide chains. By different analysis, modifications of the polysulfone layer occur until a dose of 0.2 MGy.
Nicolas Combernoux, Véronique Labed, Luc Schrive, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Effect of gamma irradiation at intermediate doses on the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Elsevier, 2015, 〈10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.017〉. 〈hal-01294902〉
Journal: International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480 (2), pp.64-73. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019〉. 〈hal-01295140〉 Plus de détails...
This study aims to investigate the impact of irradiation on the behavior of Polyamide (PA) composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Irradiations were performed for two doses (0.1 and 1 MGy) in wet conditions under an oxygen atmosphere, with a gamma 60Co source. Irradiation effect on RO membranes performances (NaCl rejection, permeability) was studied before and after irradiation. ATR-FTIR, XPS, AFM, FESEM microscopy, ion chromatography were also used to characterize structural modifications. Results show that NaCl rejection of RO membranes irradiated at 1 MGy decreased until 64% and permeability increased by a factor of three. Nevertheless, membranes irradiated at 0.1 MGy did not exhibit any change in theirs permselectivity properties. Advanced analysis techniques confirmed that the firsts effects of gamma rays on RO membranes occurred between 0.1 and 1 MGy. Results emphasize that gamma rays effects on the RO membranes led to the breaking of amide and ester bonds at 1 MGy. These breakings resulted in loss of hydrogen bonds between polyamide chains, and consequently to a relaxation of the polyamide network. Finally, modifications of the polysulfone layer underneath were highlighted. Both relaxation of the polyamide network and modifications of the polysulfone layer could be involved in the drop of the permselectivity properties.
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480 (2), pp.64-73. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019〉. 〈hal-01295140〉
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Influence of ionic strength on membrane selectivity during the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, 2015, 116, pp.243-248. 〈10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.013〉. 〈hal-01462145〉 Plus de détails...
Due to their numerous biological properties, natural sulfated polysaccharides have attracted the interest of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Membrane processes were thought to be especially suitable for their production at industrial scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride, often used as a preservative and a precipitation adjuvant, on the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. In pure water, results showed a complete retention of the polymers on membranes with molecular weight cut-off up to eight times the molecular weight of the studied pentasaccharides. When NaCl was added to a concentration of 0.5 mol L-1, retention rates decreased significantly (approximate to-50%). As no relevant modification of the molecules size was observed through hydrodynamic radius measurements, these variations of selectivity were fully attributed to the screening of membrane surface charges by the electrolyte. Therefore, optimising the ultrafiltration of charged molecules need absolutely exammining electrostatic interactions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Influence of ionic strength on membrane selectivity during the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, 2015, 116, pp.243-248. 〈10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.013〉. 〈hal-01462145〉
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, J. Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Size fractionation of elements and nanoparticles in natural water by both dead-end and tangential flow filtration. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8194-8203. 〈10.1080/19443994.2015.1019371〉. 〈hal-01294903〉 Plus de détails...
The influence of membrane filtration modes on the estimation of size distribution for natural elements in water was investigated. The stepwise membrane filtration is used to distinguish different size fractions including large particulate (>18 μm), particulate (0.2–18 μm), colloidal/nanoparticle (10 kDa–0.2 μm), and truly dissolved fractions (<10 kDa) in river water samples and wastewater treatment plants effluents. Dead-end and tangential flow filtrations were compared during fractionation process. For most elements, concentrations in different size fractions obtained by two filtration modes were generally similar. The obvious difference was only found in acid fractions for some elements, which might be related to the cake grown at membrane surfaces between two filtration modes. In case of elemental partitioning, the influence of filtration modes was normally negligible, when the membranes used and operational factors were exactly the same.
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, J. Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Size fractionation of elements and nanoparticles in natural water by both dead-end and tangential flow filtration. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8194-8203. 〈10.1080/19443994.2015.1019371〉. 〈hal-01294903〉
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, J. Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Application of membrane processes in fractionation of elements in river water. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 72 (12), pp.2277-90. 〈10.2166/wst.2015.444〉. 〈hal-01294900〉 Plus de détails...
The influence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents from one microelectronic industrial zone on element concentrations and partitioning in river water was investigated. The stepwise membrane filtration is used to distinguish different size fractions including large particulate (>18 μm), particulate (0.2-18 μm), colloidal/nanoparticle (10 kDa-0.2 μm) and truly dissolved fractions (<10 kDa) in river water samples and WWTP effluents. Results demonstrated that anthropogenic inputs (WWTP effluents and industrial area) had an important influence on concentrations and partitioning of some elements in river water. Mass balance results showed that membrane filtration processes could realize a good fractionation for many elements (good recoveries) in water samples. Flux decline during 0.2 μm and 10 kDa filtrations were analyzed, and corresponding fouling mechanisms are discussed.
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, J. Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Application of membrane processes in fractionation of elements in river water. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 72 (12), pp.2277-90. 〈10.2166/wst.2015.444〉. 〈hal-01294900〉
Yasamine Jaouad, Maud Villain, Naaila Ouazzani, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot. Biodegradation of olive mill wastewater in a membrane bioreactor: acclimation of the biomass and constraints. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8109-8118. 〈10.1080/19443994.2015.1025435〉. 〈hal-01297598〉 Plus de détails...
In order to overcome the toxic effect of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) on biomass during biological treatment, this work will test OMWW biodegradation in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) using an acclimation procedure and will study its constraints. Special focus will be put on soluble microbial products (SMP) analysis in MBR and their impact on membrane fouling. The study was realized in an external ceramic ultrafiltration MBR which offers more flexibility than the other biological treatments (i.e. independence between both hydraulic and sludge retention time) and a smaller footprint. Fed with a mass ratio of 40% OMWW/60% glucose, MBR biomass showed efficient chemical oxygen demand and polyphenols removal rates of, respectively, 90 and 65% despite a low activity of 3.2 mgO2 gMLVSS−1 h−1 due to the harsh and toxic environment. Moreover, HPLC analysis has showed a removal from the permeate of the major phenolic compounds including hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and caffeic acid. The monitoring of SMP concentrations has contributed to identify the presence of an environmental stress during OMWW input. Polysaccharide and protein are the main SMP fractions released with, respectively, 10 ± 0.1–20 ± 0.5 mg gMLVSS−1 and 4 ± 0.01–8 ± 0.01 mg gMLVSS−1. These SMP and higher molecular weight compounds brought by OMWW were found to be partially responsible for the intensive membrane fouling obtained. The feasibility of biomass acclimation directly to OMWW composed of multi-phenolic compounds was proved in MBR and its constraints were discussed. Microfiltration membrane would be suggested to overcome the constraints observed when ultrafiltration membrane was used (150 kDa).
Yasamine Jaouad, Maud Villain, Naaila Ouazzani, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot. Biodegradation of olive mill wastewater in a membrane bioreactor: acclimation of the biomass and constraints. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8109-8118. 〈10.1080/19443994.2015.1025435〉. 〈hal-01297598〉
Grégory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Dhaler, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197-202. 〈10.2166/wst.2014.476〉. 〈hal-01143831〉 Plus de détails...
The aim of this study is to apply the membrane bioreactor technology in an oxidation ditch in submerged conditions. This new wastewater filtration process will benefit rural areas (<5,000 population equivalent) subject to chronic water shortages by reusing this water for irrigation of green areas. For this purpose, the membranes developed without support are immersed in an aeration well and work in suction mode. The development of the membrane without support and more precisely the performance of spacers are approached by computational fluid dynamics in order to provide the best compromise between pressure drop/flow velocity and permeate flux. The numerical results on the layout and the membrane modules' geometry in the aeration well indicate that the optimal configuration is to install the membranes horizontally on three levels. Membranes should be connected to each other to a manifold providing a total membrane area of 18 m(2). Loss rate compared to the theoretical throughput is relatively low (less than 3%). Preliminary data obtained by modeling the lagoon provide access to its hydrodynamics, revealing that recirculation zones can be optimized by making changes in the operating conditions. The experimental validation of these results and taking into account the aeration in the numerical models are underway.
Grégory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Dhaler, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197-202. 〈10.2166/wst.2014.476〉. 〈hal-01143831〉
Yvan Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241-250. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012〉. 〈hal-01270789〉 Plus de détails...
In order to provide a better understanding of the impact of flocculant used on membrane properties in drinking water production, a complete structural characterization of membranes was carried out from microscopic to macroscopic scale. New flat-sheet PES membranes with 10, 30 and 100 kDa MWCO were characterized by SEM, ellipsometry of angle resolved scattering (EARS), white light interferometry (WLI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that AFM is able to differentiate between membranes according to their MWCO and their manufacturing processes. The impact of flocculant filtration (PAX-XL 7A and Aqualenc F1) on flat-sheet PES 100 kDa membrane was studied. SEM and AFM characterizations revealed a modification of membrane surface state after flocculant filtration and cleaning step. AFM was finally used to characterize hollow fiber membranes after 1 and 2 years of water production. The results showed that AFM is a very interesting tool to investigate membrane ageing.
Yvan Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241-250. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012〉. 〈hal-01270789〉
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Laure Siozade, Gaelle Georges, Gaëlle Georges, et al.. Characterization of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by quantum dots by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 470, pp.40-51. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.001〉. 〈hal-01270818〉 Plus de détails...
The extensive applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can result in their release into waters. Membrane processes have great potential in reducing ENMs release. In that case, the issues of particular concern are membrane fouling caused by ENMs during separation processes. The objective of the present study is to improve the understanding of how ENMs are retained by membranes. An innovative methodology using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) is developed to locate fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in different depths of fouled ultrafiltration membranes. With the help of image analysis software, both qualitative and quantitative information about the distribution of QDs in membranes are obtained. For low molecular weight cut off (MWCO) membranes (1, 5 and 10 kDa), QDs (sizes from 1 to 5 nm) distributed mainly around surfaces or on top of membranes, accompanied with near 100% retention regardless of transmembrane pressure. As membrane MWCO increased (30 and 100 kDa), more QDs could pass through membranes accompanied with decreasing retention efficiencies and the occurrence of QDs was usually in deeper positions of membranes. Distribution results were in agreement with fouling analysis which demonstrated that standard blocking (internal fouling) and/or cake models (external fouling) frequently occurred during filtrations of QDs.
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Laure Siozade, Gaelle Georges, Gaëlle Georges, et al.. Characterization of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by quantum dots by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 470, pp.40-51. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.001〉. 〈hal-01270818〉
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21-29. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004〉. 〈hal-01295147〉 Plus de détails...
An alternative ultrafiltration membrane integrity test utilizing magnetic nanoparticle as a surrogate has been investigated in previous studies, but the absence of a feasible estimation model for the degree of membrane damage causes that this simple membrane integrity test would be not applied easily. This study proposed a calculating model to predict membrane defect size, and investigated the theoretic resolution of the integrity test method. The results obtained with the evolved prediction model D, which is based on Darcy’s law and Bernoulli equation, were satisfactory in predicting the membrane defect size. In this study, this integrity test method had about 39.33% probability to have a theoretic resolution of 3 μm or less under common experimental conditions.
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21-29. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004〉. 〈hal-01295147〉
Patrice Bacchin, Quentin Derekx, Damien Veyret, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Clogging of microporous channels networks: role of connectivity and tortuosity. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer Verlag, 2014, 17 (1), pp.85-96. 〈10.1007/s10404-013-1288-4〉. 〈hal-01295161〉 Plus de détails...
The aim of this work is to study the pore blocking by the use of microfluidic devices (microseparators) and numerical simulation approaches. The microseparators are made in PDMS and are constituted of an array of microchannels 20 μm wide with three types of structure: straight microchannels, connected microchannels (or aligned square pillars) and staggered square pillars in order to mimic merely the complexity of the flow encountered in filters or membranes (tortuosity, connectivity between pores). Direct observation with video microscopy of filtrations of 5 μm latex particles has been performed to examine the capture of particles. The results show a piling up of particles within the porous media leading to a clogging. The capture efficiency remains low (<0.1 %). In the case of filtration in the forest of pillars, the capture is faster and arises mainly between the pillars. The increase in tortuosity in the microseparator leads then to a rise of the clogging. It must be caused by the increase in critical trajectories leading to the capture of particles on the PDMS walls. At the same time, numerical simulations of filtration in parallel with microchannels have been performed in the same flow conditions with GeoDict software. The different kind of experimental deposit structure can be simulated, but there is still inaccuracy in the description of the accumulation kinetics. These discrepancies are probably due to the lack of accuracy to depict particle/particle colloidal interactions in simulations and the fact that re-suspension of particles after capture is not well described.
Patrice Bacchin, Quentin Derekx, Damien Veyret, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Clogging of microporous channels networks: role of connectivity and tortuosity. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer Verlag, 2014, 17 (1), pp.85-96. 〈10.1007/s10404-013-1288-4〉. 〈hal-01295161〉
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the ă most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the ă biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.017〉. 〈hal-01464699〉 Plus de détails...
Apart from providing a total activated sludge (AS) inhibition, an ă efficient AS inhibition technique must preserve the biomass structure in ă order to maintain the real sorption phenomenon. Many inhibition ă techniques with different modes of action were used in previous studies ă for AS inhibition. But, the effectiveness of AS deactivation and the ă adverse effects on the biomass structure were rarely related. In this ă paper, five common AS inhibition techniques were evaluated: thermal, ă three chemical and gas purging techniques. The lowest chemical effective ă concentrations were determined in order to limit the negative impact on ă the AS structure. 100 mgHg(2)SO(4) g(TSS)(-1) and 30 mgHgCl(2) ă g(TSS)(-1) within 2 h of reaction were enough to provide a complete AS ă inhibition. However, after 20 h of reaction a full AS inhibition has ă never been achieved with sodium azide at 200 mgNaN(3) g(TSS)(-1), even ă by increasing NaN3 concentration. ă The analysis of the AS apparent viscosity, the median size D-50 of the ă flocs and the supernatant turbidity showed that the thermal technique ă destructured the AS completely. A significant AS deflocculation is ă induced by the three chemical reagents depending on the mode of action ă and the concentration used. Thermal and chemical inactivations are ă therefore not suitable to determine sorption properties. The only ă technique which kept the initial AS structure unchanged has several ă drawbacks since (i) a reaction might occur between the gas and the ă analyte of interest, and (ii) anaerobic activated sludge are not ă inhibited by this technique. Therefore, the establishment of anaerobic ă conditions without gas injection is recommended for implementing ă sorption experiments on aerobic AS. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights ă reserved.
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the ă most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the ă biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.017〉. 〈hal-01464699〉
Maud Villain, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of synthetic or real urban wastewater on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances and membrane fouling under stable conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2014, 155, pp.235-244. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.063〉. 〈hal-01053345〉 Plus de détails...
Influence of substrate type (synthetic (SWW) or real wastewater (RWW)) on lab scale MBR performances (e.g. COD and N-NH4+ removal rates and bioactivities) was assessed. Membrane fouling was related to MBR biological medium characteristics. With RWW, autotrophic biomass was better acclimated with complete ammonium removal. MBR biological medium was characterized by main soluble microbial products (SMP) (proteins, polysaccharides and humic-like substances) quantification and molecular weights (MW) distribution determination. The biological medium of SWW acclimation contained 60 mg L (1) more of SMP, mainly composed of proteins and polysaccharides. A protein fraction having high MW (>600 kDa) could be responsible for higher removable fouling fraction in that case. SMP of RWW experiment were mainly composed of small proteic and humic-like fractions, poorly retained by the membrane and resulting in a weak augmentation of irremovable and irreversible fouling fractions compared to SWW acclimation. Therefore RWW utilization is preferable to approach real operating MBR.
Maud Villain, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of synthetic or real urban wastewater on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances and membrane fouling under stable conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2014, 155, pp.235-244. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.063〉. 〈hal-01053345〉
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Recycling a slurry for reuse in chemical mechanical planarization of tungsten wafer: effect of chemical adjustments and comparison between static and dynamic experiments. Microelectronic Engineering, Elsevier, 2014, 113, pp.114-122. 〈10.1016/j.mee.2013.07.022〉. 〈hal-01053254〉 Plus de détails...
Recycling abrasive slurry that has been used in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the options for reducing the cost of manufacturing microchip processors. We use ultrafiltration which is a method of choice to recycle silica (SiO2)-based slurry. Taking into account that the chemical composition of abrasive slurry plays an important role in tungsten CMP (W-CMP), chemical adjustments have to be made so that the concentrated after used slurry can be reused. In this study, we investigate the effects of chemical additives (iron catalyst, oxalic acid as complexing agent and surfactants as stabilizers) in slurry that has been retreated by ultrafiltration. Experiments are conducted both under static and dynamic conditions and results are compared to better understand the effect of chemical adjustments on the main performances of W-CMP. An optimal chemical adjustment is proposed through a design of experiments evaluation to obtain a concentrated after used and chemically adjust slurry comparable to the operational point of use slurry.
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Recycling a slurry for reuse in chemical mechanical planarization of tungsten wafer: effect of chemical adjustments and comparison between static and dynamic experiments. Microelectronic Engineering, Elsevier, 2014, 113, pp.114-122. 〈10.1016/j.mee.2013.07.022〉. 〈hal-01053254〉
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, A. Vincent, et al.. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2014, 56, pp.325-365. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050〉. 〈hal-01053262〉 Plus de détails...
Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and concentration steps, but in all cases, the membranes must be cleaned regularly to remove both organic and inorganic material deposited on the surface and/or into the membrane bulk. Cleaning/disinfection is a vital step in maintaining the permeability and selectivity of the membrane in order to get the plant to its original capacity, to minimize risks of bacteriological contamination, and to make acceptable products. For this purpose, a large number of chemical cleaning/disinfection agents are commercially available. In general, these cleaning/disinfection agents have to improve the membrane flux to a certain extent. However, they can also cause irreversible damages in membrane properties and performances over the long term. Until now, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane ageing than to cleaning/disinfection. The knowledge in cleaning/disinfection efficiency has recently been improved. But in order to develop optimized cleaning/disinfection protocols there still remains a challenge to better understand membrane ageing. In order to compensate for the lack of correlated cleaning/disinfection and ageing data from the literature, this paper investigates cleaning/disinfection efficiencies and ageing damages of organic ultrafiltration membranes. The final aim is to provide less detrimental cleaning/disinfection procedures and to propose some guidelines which should have been taken into consideration in term of membrane ageing studies. To carry out this study, this article will detail the background of cleaning/disinfection and aging membrane topics in a first introductive part. In a second part, key factors and endpoints of cleaning/disinfection and aging membranes will be discussed deeply: the membrane role and the cleaning parameters roles, such as water quality, storing conditions, cleaning/disinfection/aging agents/conditions/protocols. The third and last part will be developed the parameters, methods and ways of characterization at our disposal and commonly used to develop and implement membrane cleaning and/or ageing studies.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, A. Vincent, et al.. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2014, 56, pp.325-365. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050〉. 〈hal-01053262〉
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.117〉. 〈hal-01050196〉 Plus de détails...
Apart from providing a total activated sludge (AS) inhibition, an efficient AS inhibition technique must preserve the biomass structure in order to maintain the real sorption phenomenon. Many inhibition techniques with different modes of action were used in previous studies for AS inhibition. But, the effectiveness of AS deactivation and the adverse effects on the biomass structure were rarely related. In this paper, five common AS inhibition techniques were evaluated: thermal, three chemical and gas purging techniques. The lowest chemical effective concentrations were determined in order to limit the negative impact on the AS structure. 100 mgHg2SO4 gTSS−1 and 30 mgHgCl2 gTSS−1 within 2 h of reaction were enough to provide a complete AS inhibition. However, after 20 h of reaction a full AS inhibition has never been achieved with sodium azide at 200 mgNaN3 gTSS−1, even by increasing NaN3 concentration. The analysis of the AS apparent viscosity, the median size D50 of the flocs and the supernatant turbidity showed that the thermal technique destructured the AS completely. A significant AS deflocculation is induced by the three chemical reagents depending on the mode of action and the concentration used. Thermal and chemical inactivations are therefore not suitable to determine sorption properties. The only technique which kept the initial AS structure unchanged has several drawbacks since (i) a reaction might occur between the gas and the analyte of interest, and (ii) anaerobic activated sludge are not inhibited by this technique. Therefore, the establishment of anaerobic conditions without gas injection is recommended for implementing sorption experiments on aerobic AS.
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.117〉. 〈hal-01050196〉
J. Vicente, Y. Wyart, P. Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈hal-01459483〉 Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but also highlighting pore fouling.
J. Vicente, Y. Wyart, P. Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈hal-01459483〉
Camille Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Michel Sergent, Geneviève Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: Case of ă drinking water. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈hal-01464726〉 Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and ă chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and ă failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate ă membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. ă Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions ă containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, ă temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an ă innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based ă on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing ă experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The ă macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and ă mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ă ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three ă commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic ă detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial ă advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were ă not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at ă break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial ă cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and ă compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.
Camille Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Michel Sergent, Geneviève Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: Case of ă drinking water. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈hal-01464726〉
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Characterization (2D-3D) of ceramic microfiltration membrane by synchrotron radiation: new and abraded membranes. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i6.50〉. 〈hal-00994249〉 Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but also highlighting pore fouling.
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Characterization (2D-3D) of ceramic microfiltration membrane by synchrotron radiation: new and abraded membranes. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i6.50〉. 〈hal-00994249〉
Soglin Wang, Yvan Wyart, Jean Pérot, Fabrice Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for ă drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. 〈hal-01464727〉 Plus de détails...
In this study, ageing characteristics of an industrial hollow-fiber membrane module were investigated after 50 months of drinking water production. For this purpose, the industrial module was opened to make 18 smaller modules with hollow-fibers taken from different parts of the industrial module. These modules were probed by the use of a magnetic nanoparticle (NP) challenge test based on magnetic susceptibility (K) measurement of permeate. No magnetic susceptibility was detected in permeate when the challenge test was performed on an intact membrane ă module, indicating the complete retention of nanoparticles by the membrane. The compromised membrane module can be successfully detected by means of magnetic susceptibility measurement in permeate. So, this study clearly demonstrates that ageing of ultrafiltration membranes can be monitored by measuring the magnetic susceptibility of permeate from an ultrafiltration membrane module. These results showed that the hollow fibers in the center zones of the bundle would age faster than those in the outer zones around the bundle. This result is in agreement with numerical simulation (Daurelle et al. 2011).
Soglin Wang, Yvan Wyart, Jean Pérot, Fabrice Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for ă drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. 〈hal-01464727〉
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Drinking water ultrafiltration: state of the art and experimental designs approach. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4892-4900. 〈10.1080/19443994.2013.795213〉. 〈hal-00995678〉 Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This can result in membrane degradations, failures, and be shut down for membrane replacement and therefore affect the production rate of the process and its sustainability. These phenomena raise the problem of necessary optimization of the cleaning procedures that have to tackle simultaneously, the best cleaning efficiency and the less detrimental procedures for the membranes. Despite the fact that aging is becoming a major issue between end-users, membrane manufacturers, and chemical product suppliers, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane aging than to cleaning. First, this study briefly reviews articles dedicated to aging damages involved by NaOCl and commercial detergents (especially on polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane). Then, the present study details the innovative way setup: "Designs of experiments" is used to provide additional data that help with a thorough understanding of membrane aging. Thus, contrary to the accelerated aging approach that is commonly used in membrane-aging researches (concentration per time of contact: "c × t parameter"), designs of experiments were used to organize at best the aging experiments in order to achieve a relevant establishment of an aging pattern. Results show that this scientific approach provides a satisfying and reliable pattern to simulate membrane aging in function of the chosen chemical parameters.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Drinking water ultrafiltration: state of the art and experimental designs approach. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4892-4900. 〈10.1080/19443994.2013.795213〉. 〈hal-00995678〉
Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Influence of sludge retention time at constant food to microorganisms ratio on membrane bioreactor performances under stable and unstable state conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 128, pp.134-144. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.108〉. 〈hal-00995702〉 Plus de détails...
Food to microorganisms ratio (F/M) and sludge retention time (SRT) are known to affect in different ways biomass growth, bioactivities and foulants characteristics. Thus the aim of this study was to dissociate the effects of SRT from those of F/M ratio on lab-scale membrane bioreactors performances during stable and unstable state. Two acclimations were stabilized at a SRT of either 20 or 50 d with a constant F/M ratio of 0.2 kgCOD kgMLVSS−1 d−1. During stable state, a higher N-NH4+ removal rate (78%) was obtained at SRT of 50 d as an easier autotroph development was observed. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) release was double at 50 d with a majority of polysaccharides (49% of total SMP). The unstable conditions consisted in F/M ratio changes and operation without air and nutrient. Autotrophs were highly affected by the tested disturbances and SMP retention on membrane surface exhibited consistent changes during the performed stresses.
Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Influence of sludge retention time at constant food to microorganisms ratio on membrane bioreactor performances under stable and unstable state conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 128, pp.134-144. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.108〉. 〈hal-00995702〉
Philippe Moulin, C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.027〉. 〈hal-00995692〉 Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.
Philippe Moulin, C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.027〉. 〈hal-00995692〉
José Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC ă MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED ă MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈hal-01464725〉 Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of ă these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is ă often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to ă perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the ă characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and ă an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images ă obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be ă obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole ă thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit ă and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at ă the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows ă one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by ă different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after ă usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the ă thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric ă distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability ă to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of ă membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but ă also highlighting pore fouling.
José Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC ă MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED ă MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. 〈hal-01464725〉
Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbaker, Günter Langergraber, Benoît Marrot, et al.. Wastewater treatment practices in Africa : experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013, 14, pp.26-34. 〈hal-00995647〉 Plus de détails...
In this paper, existing wastewater treatment practices in 7 African countries, i.e. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia, are reported. Data were collected by questioning wastewater treatment plants managers as well as treated wastewater users in 2012. This study showed that 0.2 to 63 L/d/person of wastewater are treated in these countries, with the higher levels obtained for North Africa. Technically, treatment plants (mostly activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds) deal with high organic loads, uncontrolled input, power cuts and increasing wastewater flow rates. Poor operation and maintenance (O&M), in part caused by the lack of funds, high energy costs and lack of re-investments, is also a serious reported issue. Consequently, treatment plants often deliver insufficient effluent quality, which negatively affects the environment and acceptability of stakeholders towards the treated water. Other challenges, such as water availability, long-term impacts, financial and social constraints, affecting the reuse, are also discussed. [authors abstract]
Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbaker, Günter Langergraber, Benoît Marrot, et al.. Wastewater treatment practices in Africa : experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013, 14, pp.26-34. 〈hal-00995647〉
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024〉. 〈hal-00993077〉 Plus de détails...
The aim of this work is to show that the equations developed by Sovová, based on the concept of broken and intact cells for describing the supercritical extraction curves from plants and vegetables, can be applied for the modelling of the supercritical CO2 extraction curves obtained with microalgae. Experimental and modelling results of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lipids from four different microalgae: Nannochloropsis oculata, Cylindrotheca closterium, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, are presented. The experimental setup is a laboratory scale apparatus which allows an accurate monitoring of the mass loss of the microalgae sample during the extraction. The experimental data were obtained at a pressure of 40 MPa, a temperature of 333 K and CO2 flow rates from 0.3 to 0.5 kg/h. The extraction experiments were performed on samples having undergone different pretreatments: (i) after harvesting and centrifugation, microalgae were dried either by freeze-drying or air flow drying) and (ii) they were ground and sieved at different particle sizes (particle diameters ranging from 160 to 1000 μm). The complete extraction of neutral lipids was performed leading to mass losses up to 30% depending on the samples and on the operating conditions. Extracts were mainly composed of triglycerides (more than 90 wt% of extracts). The mathematical model published in 2005 and the simplified equations of extraction curves (using the characteristic times characterizing each extraction step) published in 2012 by Sovová were chosen to fit the experimental data. Among the hypotheses proposed by Sovovà, we considered that the flow pattern of supercritical CO2 in the extraction autoclave was plug flow and the extraction process was supposed to occur with negligible solute-matrix interactions. The adjustable parameters were calculated by minimizing the sum of least squares between experimental and calculated values of the extraction yield. Good agreement between the two models and our experimental measurements was obtained. The average absolute relative deviation ranges between 0.5 and 10.2%.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024〉. 〈hal-00993077〉
G. Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Pressure fields in an industrial UF module: effect of backwash. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4907-4913. 〈10.1080/19443994.2013.795255〉. 〈hal-00995664〉 Plus de détails...
In the last decade, membrane manufacturers have improved their ultrafiltration module to raise the production of drinking water in order to meet an increasing demand. The usual process used is an inside-out filtration in dead-end mode. In this configuration, the energy consumption is limited by outside-in backwashes. Raising the permeability of the membranes lead to an increase in module compactness and strongly modify the driving force in the module. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict the pressure and velocity field in the hollow fiber network (HFN) taking into account several parameters as the geometry of the module, the inlet pressure, gravity, and temperature. For the industrial tested module configuration, results shown that hollow fibers work in a homogeneous way in filtration mode but a great heterogeneity appear during the backwash. All the results have been validated compared with experimental values.
G. Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Pressure fields in an industrial UF module: effect of backwash. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4907-4913. 〈10.1080/19443994.2013.795255〉. 〈hal-00995664〉
Gregory Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity fields in ultrafiltration membrane modules used in drinking water production. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2013, 431, pp.221-232. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.082〉. 〈hal-00996064〉 Plus de détails...
During the process of drinking water production using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module, the configuration generally used is an inside-out filtration in dead-end mode. In this configuration the energy consumption is limited by outside-in backwashes. Enlarging the membrane packing density and permeability raises the permeate flow and results in an increase of the module compactness. However, this strongly modifies the hydrodynamics into the module. This study allows us to determine the pressure and velocity fields in the hollow fiber network of the modules. The geometry of the module and the membranes, the membrane permeability and compactness as well as the operating entry values such as filtration or backwash pressures and gravity were taken into account. Therefore, whatever these parameters may be, it is possible to determine the pressure and velocity fields in an ultrafiltration module. It was shown that during an inside-out filtration and for the three industrial tested module configurations the hollow fibers work in a homogeneous way ±0.4%. However, in the case of the backwash, a greater heterogeneity may appear. Finally, the reliability of the model proposed in this paper is confirmed by comparing its numerical results with experimental data.
Gregory Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity fields in ultrafiltration membrane modules used in drinking water production. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2013, 431, pp.221-232. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.082〉. 〈hal-00996064〉
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022〉. 〈hal-00993082〉 Plus de détails...
This work demonstrates that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is efficient for the complete recovery of neutral lipids from microalgae with a water content up to 20 wt%, allowing thus a further full characterization of this oil. This is a first useful step in the framework of lipid production from microalgae either for nutraceutical, food or for energy applications. This study is particularly focused on the influence of the pretreatments upon extraction kinetics and yields. This study proposes a complete study at laboratory scale (10 g per batch of dry biomass) of the influence of pretreatments (type of drying and grinding) and of water content on the extraction kinetics and yields as well as on the oil composition in terms of lipidic classes and profiles. Two drying pretreatments (drying under air flow and freeze-drying) applied on Nannochloropsis oculata were studied. Extraction experiments were carried out at 40 MPa, 333 K, with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 0.5 kg h−1 and for different granulometries. Results showed that drying under air flow at 308 K is the most adequate pretreatment leading to the most rapid kinetics. Whatever the pretreatment used, the extracted oil contains more than 90 wt% of triglycerides and does not contain phospholipids. As expected, the smaller the particle size, the faster the extraction kinetics. Finally, an increase in the biomass water content up to 20 wt% increases the global extraction kinetics (extraction of both water and oil) but appears to have no influence on oil extraction yields. Moreover, the extraction of neutral lipids happens to be complete for a CO2/charge mass ratio ranging from 30 to 130 depending on the operating conditions and on the characteristics of the treated biomass. Finally, pilot scale experiments were performed with batches up to 15 kg in order to evaluate the influence of pressure and particle size on the extraction kinetics and yields. Extracts obtained at 333 K with operating pressures of 50 MPa and 85 MPa have similar compositions and do not contain phospholipids.
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. 〈10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022〉. 〈hal-00993082〉
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Yanping Liu, Jerome Rose, Philippe Moulin. An overview of solid/liquid separation methods and size fractionation techniques for engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environment. Environmental Technology Reviews, 2013, 2 (1), pp.55-70. 〈10.1080/09593330.2013.788073〉. 〈hal-00996048〉 Plus de détails...
The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will inevitably result in their release into natural environment and thereby lead to the exposure of living organisms. Hence, a new concern has arisen for the risk assessment of these emerging contaminants in the natural environment, especially in aquatic systems as an important sink and exposure source. Reducing the release of nanomaterials into water could contribute significantly to reducing exposure. Thus it is vital to consider how to manage wastewater containing such ultrafine nano-objects. This review provides an overview of technologies (classical and innovative) for nanomaterials separation/removal, which are discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as parameters affecting removal efficiency. To investigate the occurrence and fate of ENMs in the aquatic environment, the development of appropriate approaches for their separation prior to analysis is needed urgently. Finally, a brief summary of techniques for sample preparation and fractionation of ENMs in the natural aquatic environment is presented.
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Yanping Liu, Jerome Rose, Philippe Moulin. An overview of solid/liquid separation methods and size fractionation techniques for engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environment. Environmental Technology Reviews, 2013, 2 (1), pp.55-70. 〈10.1080/09593330.2013.788073〉. 〈hal-00996048〉
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. 〈10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.053〉. 〈hal-00996029〉 Plus de détails...
In this study, ageing characteristics of an industrial hollow-fiber membrane module were investigated after 50 months of drinking water production. For this purpose, the industrial module was opened to make 18 smaller modules with hollow-fibers taken from different parts of the industrial module. These modules were probed by the use of a magnetic nanoparticle (NP) challenge test based on magnetic susceptibility (K) measurement of permeate. No magnetic susceptibility was detected in permeate when the challenge test was performed on an intact membrane module, indicating the complete retention of nanoparticles by the membrane. The compromised membrane module can be successfully detected by means of magnetic susceptibility measurement in permeate. So, this study clearly demonstrates that ageing of ultrafiltration membranes can be monitored by measuring the magnetic susceptibility of permeate from an ultrafiltration membrane module. These results showed that the hollow fibers in the center zones of the bundle would age faster than those in the outer zones around the bundle. This result is in agreement with numerical simulation (Daurelle et al. 2011).
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. 〈10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.053〉. 〈hal-00996029〉
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of ultrafiltration membranes in contact with sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidant: experimental designs as a new ageing protocol. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 103, pp.119-138. 〈10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.010〉. 〈hal-00996093〉 Plus de détails...
In drinking water production plants using membrane processes, contact with cleaning chemicals is believed to play an important role in membrane ageing. In this article, polysulfone membranes were used to simulate the industrial cleaning in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was mimicked by immersing samples in solutions containing sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidants with various concentrations, temperatures and soaking times defined by experimental designs. For the first time in the chemical membranes ageing research, an approach based on methodological tools has been realized. The main interest is to achieve a relevant ageing pattern without using an accelerated ageing protocol (high concentrations and short contact times). The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurement and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR (to identify the chemical functional groups affected by ageing) and SEM (to visualize qualitatively the surface changes and deteriorations). The present work details the comparison between NaOCl and another oxidant: P3-Oxysan ZS (composed of peracetic and peroctanoic acid). The comparison of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of hypochlorite-aged membranes and P3-Oxysan ZS-aged membrane indicate NaOCl is far more detrimental for membrane integrity than P3-Oxysan ZS. The latter might give an alternative solution to the use of chlorine on industrial plant. The obtained results let to consider less harmful cleaning products on membranes. Then, the present study based on experimental designs let to underline that the most commonly used parameter "concentration × time of exposure" (c × t) was not a representative tool to predict membrane ageing.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of ultrafiltration membranes in contact with sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidant: experimental designs as a new ageing protocol. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 103, pp.119-138. 〈10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.010〉. 〈hal-00996093〉
Maud Villain, Ludiwine Clouzot, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of oxygen cut off and starvation conditions on biological activity and physico-chemical properties of activated sludge. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2013, 34 (7), pp.901-910. 〈10.1080/09593330.2012.722689〉. 〈hal-00995710〉 Plus de détails...
Physico-chemical and biological parameters were monitored both throughout different oxygen cut off and starvation (OCS) times (6 h-72 h) and after the restoration of normal operational conditions. Sludge apparent viscosity and soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characteristics were measured to determine the activated sludge (AS) properties. Oxygen transfer, biological activity with specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) measurements during endogenous/exogenous conditions (without any external substrate/with external substrate consumption) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were measured to assess the AS performances. During the different stress times, AS deflocculated as a decrease of apparent viscosity was observed and microorganisms biodegraded the released EPS to survive. After aeration return, and under endogenous conditions, size exclusion chromatographic fingerprints of soluble EPS were modified and macromolecules probably of type humic-like substances appeared in significant quantities. These new macromolecules presumably acted as biosurfactants. Consequently, the liquid surface tension, as well as the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), decreased. Under exogenous conditions, high biological activity (SOUR = 11.8 +/- 2.1 mg(O2 x g(MLVSS)(-1) x h(-1)) compensated the decrease of oxygen transfer. Finally, AS biomass maintained a constant COD degradation rate (15.7 +/- 1.9 mg(O2) x g(MLVSS)(-1) x h(-1)) before and after the disturbances for all times tested. This work demonstrates that AS microorganisms can counteract concomitant oxygen and nutrients shortage when the duration of such a condition does not exceed 72 h. Dissociation of endogenous/exogenous conditions appears to offer an ideal laboratory model to study EPS and biomass activity effects on oxygen transfer.
Maud Villain, Ludiwine Clouzot, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of oxygen cut off and starvation conditions on biological activity and physico-chemical properties of activated sludge. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2013, 34 (7), pp.901-910. 〈10.1080/09593330.2012.722689〉. 〈hal-00995710〉
C Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈hal-01209422〉 Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.
C Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. 〈hal-01209422〉
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérome Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Influence of wastewater treatment from microelectronics industry on concentrations and partitioning of elements in a river. Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press, 2012, 7, pp.121-129. 〈hal-00997222〉 Plus de détails...
The influence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents from a microelectronic industrial zone (IZ) on natural waters (Arc river) was investigated. Surface water samples from upstream, downstream, and WWTP effluents were analyzed by distinguishing 'background' geogenic sources from anthropological sources. Amongst the five elements (Si, V, Se, Sr, U) analyzed, Si increased in concentration (in raw water) in the downstream compared to upstream, which indicated a discharge of Si from anthropological sources (IZ site) into receiving waters, even if no contaminated levels were reached. Meanwhile, the anthropogenic inputs have an important influence on the distribution of elemental partitioning among large particulates (>18 μm), particulates (0.22-18 μm), colloidal/nanoparticle (10 kDa-0.22 μm) and truly dissolved fractions (<10 kDa), which were distinguished by filter cartridges and membranes with decreasing cut-offs.
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérome Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Influence of wastewater treatment from microelectronics industry on concentrations and partitioning of elements in a river. Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press, 2012, 7, pp.121-129. 〈hal-00997222〉
Emilie Carretier, H. Marteau, Philippe Moulin. Development of a nuclearized pilot for the purification of radioactive water: dead end filtration with ceramic membrane. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1718-1720. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.921〉. 〈hal-00997167〉 Plus de détails...
Emilie Carretier, H. Marteau, Philippe Moulin. Development of a nuclearized pilot for the purification of radioactive water: dead end filtration with ceramic membrane. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1718-1720. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.921〉. 〈hal-00997167〉
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. From 2D to 3D characterization of ceramic membranes. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.517-520. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.472〉. 〈hal-00996610〉 Plus de détails...
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. From 2D to 3D characterization of ceramic membranes. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.517-520. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.472〉. 〈hal-00996610〉
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, M. Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Filtration of pharmaceutical polysaccharides: from the mass transfer to the industrial development. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.768-771. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.563〉. 〈hal-00997188〉 Plus de détails...
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, M. Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Filtration of pharmaceutical polysaccharides: from the mass transfer to the industrial development. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.768-771. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.563〉. 〈hal-00997188〉
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, C. Pinatel, Philippe Moulin, J. Artaud. Estimation expérimentale du temps de décantation lors du stockage de trois huiles d'olive françaises : première approche. Le nouvel olivier, 2012, 87, pp.5-11. 〈hal-00996246〉 Plus de détails...
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, C. Pinatel, Philippe Moulin, J. Artaud. Estimation expérimentale du temps de décantation lors du stockage de trois huiles d'olive françaises : première approche. Le nouvel olivier, 2012, 87, pp.5-11. 〈hal-00996246〉
Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Correlation between fouling propensity of soluble extracellular polymeric substances, removal efficiencies and sludge metabolic activity altered by different stress conditions. Influence of sludge retention time. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1127-1131. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.701〉. 〈hal-00997198〉 Plus de détails...
Georgette Rebollar-Perez, Emilie Carretier, Nicolas Lesage, Philippe Moulin. Vapour permeation of VOC emitted from petroleum activities: application for low concentrations. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Elsevier, 2012, 18 (4), pp.1339-1352. 〈10.1016/j.jiec.2012.01.039〉. 〈hal-00997230〉 Plus de détails...
This study deals with the application of vapour permeation on the abatement of air polluted with VOC, from low to medium concentrations. Toluene, butadiene and propylene were chosen as model compounds. On a first part of the study, the permeation of single VOC, binary and ternary VOC/air mixtures was performed at different flow rates and VOC concentrations. The permeate flux, permeance, enrichment factor, separation efficiency and the recovery were determined. The experimental results were compared to those obtained with a mathematical model, allowing the calculation of the membrane area required to eliminate 95% of the feed VOC content.
Georgette Rebollar-Perez, Emilie Carretier, Nicolas Lesage, Philippe Moulin. Vapour permeation of VOC emitted from petroleum activities: application for low concentrations. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Elsevier, 2012, 18 (4), pp.1339-1352. 〈10.1016/j.jiec.2012.01.039〉. 〈hal-00997230〉
Journal: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Raja Ben Amar. Treatment of reconstituted textile wastewater containing a reactive dye in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor using a novel bacterial consortium. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2012, 87, pp.110-119. 〈10.1016/j.seppur.2011.11.030〉. 〈hal-00997237〉 Plus de détails...
Dyes released by the textile industries pose a threat to the environmental safety. Recently, dye decolourisation through biological means has gained momentum as these methods are cheap and can be applied to a wide range of dyes. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological decolourisation of a widely used textile reactive dye in Tunisia, the Blue Bezaktiv S-GLD 150 dye, using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). SBR was inoculated with an acclimated novel microbial consortia 'Bx'. Decolourisation efficiency was studied for different volumetric dye loading rates (3-20 g dye/m3*d) at room temperature, under aerobic conditions and at pH 7. The experimental results indicated that Bx displayed highest purification capabilities under aerobic conditions giving maximum decolourisation rates in the range of 88-97% and COD removal percentages of about 95-98% when volumetric dye loading rates were under 15 g dye/m3*d. Whereas, when volumetric dye loading rates were increased to 20 g dye/m3*d, the means rates of decolourisation and COD removal were decreased to 70% and 90% respectively. Obtained results indicate that the volumetric dye loading rate can influence the efficiency of dye removal through a sequencing batch reactor.
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Raja Ben Amar. Treatment of reconstituted textile wastewater containing a reactive dye in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor using a novel bacterial consortium. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2012, 87, pp.110-119. 〈10.1016/j.seppur.2011.11.030〉. 〈hal-00997237〉
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Bruno Lacarelle, Benoît Marrot. Preliminary study of oncologic ward wastewatertreatment by membrane bioreactor. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.855-856. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.598〉. 〈hal-00997160〉 Plus de détails...
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Bruno Lacarelle, Benoît Marrot. Preliminary study of oncologic ward wastewatertreatment by membrane bioreactor. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.855-856. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.598〉. 〈hal-00997160〉
Audrey Soric, Rémy Césaro, P. Perez, E. Guiol, Philippe Moulin. Eausmose project: desalination by reverse osmosis and batteryless solar energy: design for a 1m3 per day delivery. Desalination, Elsevier, 2012, 301, pp.67-74. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2012.06.013〉. 〈hal-00992892〉 Plus de détails...
The desalination of seawater or brackish water sees its production capacity increases by the day. In the last 40 years significant progress has been made to reduce production costs and produce drinking water with processes more and more environmentally friendly. Within this framework, a portable desalination prototype with a low environmental impact has been developed and tested. It is based on a reverse osmosis process powered by solar panels without using an intermediate storage battery. The development of an effective energy regulator could lead to a continuous production of desalinated water in the order of 1 m3/d.
Audrey Soric, Rémy Césaro, P. Perez, E. Guiol, Philippe Moulin. Eausmose project: desalination by reverse osmosis and batteryless solar energy: design for a 1m3 per day delivery. Desalination, Elsevier, 2012, 301, pp.67-74. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2012.06.013〉. 〈hal-00992892〉
Compost liquor was treated using a combination of physico-chemical processes: (i) lime precipitation, (ii) filtration on a rotary drum vacuum precoat filter, (iii) ultrafiltration, and (iv) reverse osmosis. Laboratory Jar tests showed the interest of using lime to precipitate compost liquor. Yields of ammonium removal up to 90% were obtained for an optimum lime concentration of 6 g/ L. A test was run at semi-industrial scale on 400 L of highly loaded compost liquor (COD: 15,800 mg/L, ammoniacal pollution: 18,433 mg NH4+-N/L, conductivity: 74,000 μS/cm) to demonstrate the potential of the treatment process proposed. Outstanding purification yields were obtained, especially 95% of COD removal and 93% of ammoniacal pollution removal.
Jérémy Gagnaire, Laurent Chapon, Philippe Moulin, Benoît Marrot. Physico-chemical treatment applied to compost liquor: feasibility study. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Elsevier, 2012, 18 (4), pp.1522-1528. 〈10.1016/j.jiec.2012.02.016〉. 〈hal-00997209〉
Journal: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Gregory Cano, Yvan Wyart, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, K. Glucina, D. Bourdiol, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity in a dead-end inside-out membrane module used in drinking water production. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.229-232. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.369〉. 〈hal-00997172〉 Plus de détails...
Gregory Cano, Yvan Wyart, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, K. Glucina, D. Bourdiol, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity in a dead-end inside-out membrane module used in drinking water production. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.229-232. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.369〉. 〈hal-00997172〉
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, G. Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of polysulfone ultrafiltation membranes for drinking water production in contact with sodium hypochlorite or formulated detergents. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1038-1040. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.668〉. 〈hal-01026337〉 Plus de détails...
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, G. Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of polysulfone ultrafiltation membranes for drinking water production in contact with sodium hypochlorite or formulated detergents. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1038-1040. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.668〉. 〈hal-01026337〉
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Impact of hollow ffiber position in an industrial UF module on the membrane ageing. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1632-1635. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.892〉. 〈hal-00996316〉 Plus de détails...
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Impact of hollow ffiber position in an industrial UF module on the membrane ageing. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, 2012, 44, pp.1632-1635. 〈10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.892〉. 〈hal-00996316〉
Yvan Wyart, Serge Nitsche, Damien Chaudanson, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. The use of HRSEM to characterize new and aged membranes in drinking ă water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2011, 2 (4), pp.251-266. 〈hal-01464751〉 Plus de détails...
This work deals with the use of High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) to verify ultrafiltration membrane selectivity at the end of the production line as well as membrane ageing. The first part of this work is focused on new membranes. It is shown that it is better to use sputtering metallization than vacuum deposition, as this latter technique entails thermal damage to the skin layer. Moreover, the impact of the metallization layer on the determination of the membrane pore size is studied and it is observed that no impact of the metallization step can be clearly defined for a metallization layer ranging from 3 to 12 nm. For example, an average pore size of 16.9 nm and a recovery rate of 6.5 % are observed for a 150 kDa cellulose acetate membrane. These results are in agreement with those given by the manufacturer: pore size ă ranging from 10 to 15 nm and recovery rate ranging from 5 to 10 %. The second part of this work focuses on the study of membrane ageing. A PVDF ă hollow fibre membrane is studied. It is shown that a 65 % decrease in the permeate flux can be linked to a decrease in the number of pores at the surface of the membrane and a decrease in the recovery rate. In conclusion, a mapping of the pores is performed for several new hollow fibre membranes used to produce drinking water, made of different materials, with different geometries and molecular weight cut-off. These results provide reference data that will help better understand the phenomena of membrane fouling and membrane ageing.
Yvan Wyart, Serge Nitsche, Damien Chaudanson, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. The use of HRSEM to characterize new and aged membranes in drinking ă water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2011, 2 (4), pp.251-266. 〈hal-01464751〉
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Laurie Devesvre, Jacques Artaud, Philippe Moulin. Dynamic viscosity of olive oil as a function of composition and temperature: A first approach. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2011, 113 (8), pp.1019-1025. 〈10.1002/ejlt.201000363〉. 〈hal-01295371〉 Plus de détails...
Knowledge of the viscosity of virgin olive oils (VOOs) is of great importance for the design of pilot plants, to determine the time required for the settling of particles at the end of the production chain and from a sensory view point. The dynamic viscosities of French VOOs from four different cultivars (‘Aglandau’, ‘Bouteillan’, ‘Salonenque’ and ‘Tanche’) were studied as a function of their fatty acid and TAG compositions and of the temperature [10–50°C]. These four VOOs had different TAG and fatty acid compositions representative of the range of compositional variations in the main French oils. Their viscosities were similar, although small but measurable differences that depended on their compositions were apparent. All the VOO samples exhibited the same dynamic viscosity pattern over temperature. For a given temperature, the viscosity difference was the greatest between Aglandau and Salonenque oils, Aglandau being the oil with the highest viscosity. The correlation between temperature and viscosity was highlighted by an Arrhenius model for this Newtonian fluid. The Arrhenius activation energy was correlated (R2 = 0.993) with the percentage of triolein, the main TAG in olive oil.
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Laurie Devesvre, Jacques Artaud, Philippe Moulin. Dynamic viscosity of olive oil as a function of composition and temperature: A first approach. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2011, 113 (8), pp.1019-1025. 〈10.1002/ejlt.201000363〉. 〈hal-01295371〉
Journal: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
Several microscopic and scattering techniques at different observation scales (from atomic to macroscopic) were used to characterize both surface and bulk properties of four new flat-sheet polyethersulfone (PES) membranes (10, 30, 100 and 300 kDa) and new 100 kDa hollow fibers (PVDF). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with “in lens” detection was used to obtain information on the pore sizes of the skin layers at the atomic scale. White Light Interferometry (WLI) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) using different scales (for WLI: windows: 900 × 900 µm2 and 360 × 360 µm2; number of points: 1024; for AFM: windows: 50 × 50 µm2 and 5 × 5 µm2; number of points: 512) showed that the membrane roughness increases markedly with the observation scale and that there is a continuity between the different scan sizes for the determination of the RMS roughness. High angular resolution ellipsometric measurements were used to obtain the signature of each cut-off and the origin of the scattering was identified as coming from the membrane bulk.
Yvan Wyart, S. Nitsche, Damien Chaudanson, K. Glucina, Philippe Moulin. The use of HRSEM to characterize new and aged membranes in drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2011, 2 (4), pp.251-266. 〈10.12989/mwt.2011.2.4.251〉. 〈hal-01026352〉 Plus de détails...
This work deals with the use of High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) to verify ultrafiltration membrane selectivity at the end of the production line as well as membrane ageing. The first part of this work is focused on new membranes. It is shown that it is better to use sputtering metallization than vacuum deposition, as this latter technique entails thermal damage to the skin layer. Moreover, the impact of the metallization layer on the determination of the membrane pore size is studied and it is observed that no impact of the metallization step can be clearly defined for a metallization layer ranging from 3 to 12 nm. For example, an average pore size of 16.9 nm and a recovery rate of 6.5 % are observed for a 150 kDa cellulose acetate membrane. These results are in agreement with those given by the manufacturer: pore size ranging from 10 to 15 nm and recovery rate ranging from 5 to 10 %. The second part of this work focuses on the study of membrane ageing. A PVDF hollow fibre membrane is studied. It is shown that a 65 % decrease in the permeate flux can be linked to a decrease in the number of pores at the surface of the membrane and a decrease in the recovery rate. In conclusion, a mapping of the pores is performed for several new hollow fibre membranes used to produce drinking water, made of different materials, with different geometries and molecular weight cut-off. These results provide reference data that will help better understand the phenomena of membrane fouling and membrane ageing.
Yvan Wyart, S. Nitsche, Damien Chaudanson, K. Glucina, Philippe Moulin. The use of HRSEM to characterize new and aged membranes in drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2011, 2 (4), pp.251-266. 〈10.12989/mwt.2011.2.4.251〉. 〈hal-01026352〉
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. Effect of antiscalant degradation on salt precipitation and solid/liquid separation of RO concentrate. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2011, 366 (1-2), pp.48-61. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2010.09.040〉. 〈hal-01026473〉 Plus de détails...
The key limitation to the application of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination on inland brackish waters is concentrate disposal. Due to precipitation of sparingly soluble salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4), RO membrane recovery cannot be increased further; therefore, other strategies must be investigated. Antiscalants are often added to RO feed water to help prevent precipitation and increase RO recovery, but in concentrate treatment, antiscalants may prevent precipitation of problematic constituents. A three-stage process to treat brackish water RO concentrate was investigated; the stages include oxidation of antiscalants with ozone and hydrogen peroxide, precipitation at elevated pH, and solid/liquid separation. A model water concentrate was used to perform laboratory scale experiments for each treatment stage. Experimental results showed that the advanced oxidation process (AOP) of ozonation and hydrogen peroxide on phosphonate antiscalants allowed increased calcium precipitation as well as loss of the solubilizing effects of antiscalants as compared to precipitation without prior ozonation of the antiscalants. The AOP also removed the effect of antiscalant on precipitate particle size distribution and particle morphology. In some cases, the AOP also improved microfiltration performance for the solid/liquid separation stage. The concentrate treatment could increase overall recovery from 80% to 90% for non-ozonated, antiscalant-dosed concentrate and from 80% to 94% for ozonated, antiscalant-dosed concentrate.
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. Effect of antiscalant degradation on salt precipitation and solid/liquid separation of RO concentrate. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2011, 366 (1-2), pp.48-61. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2010.09.040〉. 〈hal-01026473〉
Q. Derekx, P. Bacchin, D. Veyret, K. Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Simulation of particle capture in a microfiltration membrane. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2011, 64 (6), pp.1368-1373. 〈10.2166/wst.2011.349〉. 〈hal-01026438〉 Plus de détails...
The present study takes an interest in the description of the fouling mechanisms by a numerical approach at the microscopic scale. At first, an X-ray tomography has enabled the modelling of the membrane structure for the numerical simulations. Next, for different particle size, a same volume of particles has been sent in the modelled membrane and the final permeability has been computed. Thus, the influence of the particle size on the fouling has been seen. An observation of the particles penetration in the membrane has been realised to detail this influence. The Hermia relations were used in order to determinate the predominant fouling mechanism or the succession of predominant fouling mechanisms. But, without an accurate calculation of the first derivative, it is not possible to define cleanly the predominant fouling mechanism for a low filtered volume. Nevertheless, the perspectives of the local approach with the numerical simulation seem interesting.
Q. Derekx, P. Bacchin, D. Veyret, K. Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Simulation of particle capture in a microfiltration membrane. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2011, 64 (6), pp.1368-1373. 〈10.2166/wst.2011.349〉. 〈hal-01026438〉
Clémence Coetsier, Fabrice Testa, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Static dissolution rate of tungsten film versus chemical adjustments of a reused slurry for chemical mechanical polishing. Applied Surface Science, Elsevier, 2011, 257 (14), pp.6163-6170. 〈10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.023〉. 〈hal-01026413〉 Plus de détails...
Tungsten is widely used as deposited layer for the multi-level interconnection structures of wafers. The chemical composition of abrasive slurry plays an important role in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. Removal of tungsten is driven by complex oxidation mechanisms between slurry components. The slurry for tungsten CMP generally contains oxidizer, iron catalyst, complexing agents and stabilizers in a pH adjusted solution of abrasive particles. Interaction between iron complex and H2O2 in the slurry is the main factor governing the chemical mode of material removal, oxidation potencies and kinetics. In this study, we investigate the effects of chemical additives in silica (SiO2)-based slurry on the removal rate of the tungsten film. Experiments were carried out in static batch as a preliminary study to understand and optimize chemical mechanisms in CMP-Tungsten process. Experiment designs were conducted to understand the influence of the chemical additives on the main performances of W-CMP. Used slurry, concentrated and retreated with chemical adjustments, is compared to the original slurry as a reference.
Clémence Coetsier, Fabrice Testa, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Static dissolution rate of tungsten film versus chemical adjustments of a reused slurry for chemical mechanical polishing. Applied Surface Science, Elsevier, 2011, 257 (14), pp.6163-6170. 〈10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.023〉. 〈hal-01026413〉
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Philippe Moulin, Raja Ben Amar. Decolourization of the reconstituted textile effluent by different process treatments: enzymatic catalysis, coagulation/flocculation and nanofiltration processes. Desalination, Elsevier, 2011, 268 (1-3), pp.27-37. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.046〉. 〈hal-01026445〉 Plus de détails...
The objective of the present paper is to examine the decolourization efficiency of textile effluent using different processes: coagulation/flocculation, enzymatic catalysis by commercial laccase and nanofiltration. A series of experiments are conducted on laboratory-prepared wastewaters combining chemically two reactive dyes (Blue Bezaktiv S-GLD 150 and Black Novacron R), auxiliaries and chemicals. To optimise coagulation/flocculation and enzymatic treatment, response surface methodology is applied. Coagulation/flocculation leads to a maximum percent of colour removal of about 93% at 593 nm and 94% at 620 nm. Whereas, applied commercial laccase catalysis reduces colour by up to 99%. Nevertheless, these two processes have not the same behaviour on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and salinity removal since the obtained results show that applied coagulation/flocculation permits a partial removal of COD without effect on salinity. However, laccase treatment has no effect on COD and on salinity retention. The application of the nanofiltration shows excellent performances in term of decolourization (superior to 99%). In the same time, a partial retention of COD and salinity respectively of about 56% and 35% is obtained. Thus, nanofiltration seems to be an efficient process in colour removal of textile wastewater. The obtained permeate can be reused in the dyeing process in the textile industry.
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Philippe Moulin, Raja Ben Amar. Decolourization of the reconstituted textile effluent by different process treatments: enzymatic catalysis, coagulation/flocculation and nanofiltration processes. Desalination, Elsevier, 2011, 268 (1-3), pp.27-37. 〈10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.046〉. 〈hal-01026445〉
F. Springer, Emilie Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, Philippe Moulin. Numerical and experimental methodology for the development of a new membrane prototype intended to microfiltration bioprocesses. Application to milk filtration. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Elsevier, 2011, 50 (9), pp.904-915. 〈10.1016/j.cep.2011.07.009〉. 〈hal-01026357〉 Plus de détails...
In tangential flow filtration, the non-uniform TransMembrane Pressure (TMP) on the membrane length produces a non homogeneous filtration cake, initiates process selectivity changes and modifies the permeate quality. The purpose of this study is to create a tubular ceramic membrane prototype with a more uniform TMP, intended to filtration of fouling fluids. The principle of this membrane structure is to waterproof the external membrane surface to limit flow circulation in the porous support of the membrane. The production was controlled by sizing "permeation vents". This development was achieved using a CFD modelling tool interacting with experiments. A preliminary modelling study was made with water. This work was afterwards applied to the industrial process of casein micelle separation from skim milk. The influence of operating conditions on the membrane hydrodynamics was highlighted. The modelling results were experimentally confirmed, with a discrepancy smaller than 3% and a reproducible water permeability of 2.3 L h−1 bar−1 for 1 mm-wide vent (TMP = 1 bar, T = 20 °C). Then, milk filtration experiments showed a production ratio milk/water equal to 1/2. The permeate quality parameters were studied and the fouling phenomena were taken into account. A parametric study led to the sizing of a final prototype. Its efficiency was experimentally evaluated.
F. Springer, Emilie Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, Philippe Moulin. Numerical and experimental methodology for the development of a new membrane prototype intended to microfiltration bioprocesses. Application to milk filtration. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Elsevier, 2011, 50 (9), pp.904-915. 〈10.1016/j.cep.2011.07.009〉. 〈hal-01026357〉
Journal: Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Retreatment of silicon slurry by membrane processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Elsevier, 2011, 192 (2), pp.440-450. 〈10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.016〉. 〈hal-01026376〉 Plus de détails...
The purpose of the present study is to develop a process to regenerate the polish liquid used in Chemical and Mechanical Polishing (CMP), called "slurry", and more specifically Silicon CMP slurry. Physico-chemical analyses show a considerable dilution of slurry through washing waters used in polishing. Thus, this effluent has been characterised for a better identification of the deviations from the slurry of reference (Point Of Use). Hence, the principle is to regenerate this effluent by membrane processes. The ultrafiltration results obtained at laboratory scale have led to the development of an industrial prototype. An optimal utilisation of this treatment allows completing a two-step process: the reconcentration by ultrafiltration and a chemical adjustment by addition of concentrated slurry. A stable behaviour of the slurry at the different steps of the process has been observed. Polishing results are similar with retreated and POU slurries. Furthermore, the functioning at industrial scale permits to maintain the performances obtained on the laboratory pilot.
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Retreatment of silicon slurry by membrane processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Elsevier, 2011, 192 (2), pp.440-450. 〈10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.016〉. 〈hal-01026376〉
Jérémy Gagnaire, X. Y. Wang, L. Chapon, Philippe Moulin, Benoît Marrot. Kinetic study of compost liquor nitrification. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2011, 63 (5), pp.868-876. 〈10.2166/wst.2011.263〉. 〈hal-01026430〉 Plus de détails...
This study is a first kinetic approach about the compost liquor treatment by activated sludge. This industrial wastewater is highly loaded in organic and nitrogen compounds (COD≈12,000 mg L(-1) and NH(4)(+)-N≈4,000 mg L(-1)). The possibility of its treatment in an urban WWTP is studied measuring ammonia oxidation rate with non-acclimated sludge to the industrial effluent. Compost liquor appears as an inhibitor substrate. The ammonia oxidation rate can be modelled by the Haldane model: U(MAX)=0.180 d(-1), K(S)=12.0 mgN.L(-1) and K(I)=26.0 mgN.L(-1). The ammonia oxidation rate also follows for a synthetic substrate which has the same pollutant load as the real substrate. In this case, the ammonia oxidation rate can be modelled by the Monod model: U(MAX)=0.073 d(-1) and K(S)=4.3 mgN.L(-1). This result confirms that the ammonia oxidising bacteria are inhibited by the real wastewater. The following-up of nitrate production shows also the inhibition of nitrite oxidising bacteria. The compost liquor treatment seems not possible in an urban WWTP (<50,000 p.e.). That's why a specific WWTP is recommended and an acclimation step of activated sludge is essential.
Jérémy Gagnaire, X. Y. Wang, L. Chapon, Philippe Moulin, Benoît Marrot. Kinetic study of compost liquor nitrification. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2011, 63 (5), pp.868-876. 〈10.2166/wst.2011.263〉. 〈hal-01026430〉
L. Clouzot, Nicolas Roche, B. Marrot. Effect of membrane bioreactor configurations on sludge structure and microbial activity. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2011, 102 (2), pp.975-981. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.058〉. 〈hal-01292667〉 Plus de détails...
The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of two different membrane bioreactor (MBR) configurations (external/immersed) on sludge structure and microbial activity. Sludge structure was deduced from rheological measurements. The high shear stress induced by the recirculation pump in the external MBR was shown to result in decreasing viscosity due to activated sludge (AS) deflocculation. Besides, soluble microbial products (SMP) release was higher in the external MBR (5 mgCOD gMLVSS−1) than in the immersed configuration (2 mgCOD gMLVSS−1). Microbial activity was followed from respirometry tests by focusing on the distinction between heterotrophs and autotrophs. An easier autotrophic microbe development was then observed in the immersed MBR compared to the external one. However, the external MBR was shown to allow better heterotrophic microbe development.
L. Clouzot, Nicolas Roche, B. Marrot. Effect of membrane bioreactor configurations on sludge structure and microbial activity. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2011, 102 (2), pp.975-981. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.058〉. 〈hal-01292667〉
Petroleum transformation industries have applied membrane processes for solvent and hydrocarbon recovery as an economic alternative to reduce their emissions and reuse evaporated components. Separation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (toluene-propylene-butadiene) from air was performed using a poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS)/α-alumina membrane. The experimental set-up followed the constant pressure/variable flow set-up and was operated at ~21 °C. The membrane is held in a stainless steel module and has a separation area of 55 × 10−4 m². Feed stream was set to atmospheric pressure and permeate side to vacuum between 3 and 5 mbar. To determine the performance of the module, the removed fraction of VOC was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID). The separation of the binary, ternary and quaternary hydrocarbon mixtures from air was performed at different flow rates and more especially at low concentrations. The permeate flux, permeance, enrichment factor, separation efficiency and the recovery extent of the membrane were determined as a function of these operating conditions. The permeability coefficients and the permeate flux through the composite PDMS-alumina membrane follow the order given by the Hildebrand parameter: toluene > 1,3-butadiene > propylene. The simulated data for the binary VOC/air mixtures showed fairly good agreement with the experimental results in the case of 1,3-butadiene and propylene. The discrepancies observed for toluene permeation could be minimized by taking into account the effects of the porous support and an influence of the concentration polarization. Finally, the installation of a 0.02 m2 membrane module would reduce 95% of the VOC content introduced at real concentration conditions used in the oil industry.
Georgette Rebollar-Perez, Emilie Carretier, Nicolas Lesage, Philippe Moulin. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) removal by vapor permeation at low VOC concentrations: laboratory scale results and modeling for scale up. Membranes, MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland 2011, 1 (1), pp.80-90. 〈10.3390/membranes1010080〉. 〈hal-01026399〉
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Magnetic nanoparticles for UF membrane integrity: industrial scale. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2011, 2 (1), pp.51-61. 〈10.12989/mwt.2011.2.1.051〉. 〈hal-01026454〉 Plus de détails...
An alternative ultrafiltration membrane integrity test was already developed in laboratory scale. It is based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and measurement of magnetic susceptibility. The mean size of nanoparticles used is around 35 nm and they show a good disparity between 20 and 100 nm. In this paper, validation of this membrane integrity monitoring method was achieved by industrialscale tests. Two holes with 0.6 mm internal diameter in a module containing 10 000 fibers (35 m2 surface area) was efficiently detected by injecting 750 mL of 1.7 g.L−1 nanoparticle solution during 2s when the test was operated at low TMP (0.096 bar, corresponding to a flux of 2.2 m3.h−1). In addition, it has been demonstrated that within the detectable range, this membrane integrity test with magnetic nanoparticles has a very rapid response time. The response time depends on the permeate flux and the dead-volume of the pilot. This membrane integrity test, with the advantages of on-line operation, high detection sensitivity, detection specificity and very low influence on membrane fouling, seems to be suitable for large scale drinking water plants.
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Magnetic nanoparticles for UF membrane integrity: industrial scale. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2011, 2 (1), pp.51-61. 〈10.12989/mwt.2011.2.1.051〉. 〈hal-01026454〉
E. Barbot, I. Seyssiecq, Nicolas Roche, B. Marrot. Inhibition of activated sludge respiration by sodium azide addition: Effect on rheology and oxygen transfer. Journal Chemical Engineering, 2010, 163 (3), pp.230-235. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2010.07.050〉. 〈hal-01297615〉 Plus de détails...
Although microorganism respiration inhibition by sodium azide (NaN3) is used in some studies to identify activated sludge adsorption capacity, little is known about the effect of this compound on the suspension properties. In this study we have investigated the effect of NaN3 addition on both volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient and rheology of activated sludge (AS) suspensions in a 1.9 L bioreactor. The rheological properties (shear thinning one) of AS suspensions with and without NaN3 addition are measured in situ (triphasic conditions). It appears that NaN3 addition leads to a deflocculation of AS suspensions and thus a decrease in apparent viscosity. A small amount of suspended solids was added in order to obtain identical apparent viscosities (under 1.2 or 46.3 s−1) for AS suspensions with and without NaN3 addition. KLa values were then measured in both respiring and non-respiring suspensions for different air flow rates (2, 3 or 4 L/min) and under low or high mechanical shear rate (1.2 or 46.3 s−1). Results show that under high mechanical shear rate, the respiration state for a given air flow rate does not impact the KLa values. On the contrary, under low mechanical shear rate, NaN3 addition induces an increase of KLa values in comparison with those obtained with the respiring biomass. This effect, for a same apparent viscosity, is attributed to the deflocculation observed in the presence of NaN3. Indeed, AS with and without NaN3 addition used for the KLa measurements induce a modification of the floc internal structure, corresponding to smaller floc size in the case of NaN3 addition.
E. Barbot, I. Seyssiecq, Nicolas Roche, B. Marrot. Inhibition of activated sludge respiration by sodium azide addition: Effect on rheology and oxygen transfer. Journal Chemical Engineering, 2010, 163 (3), pp.230-235. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2010.07.050〉. 〈hal-01297615〉
F. Springer, R. Ghidossi, E. Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, et al.. Study of the Effect of Geometry on Wall Shear Stress and Permeate Flux for Ceramic Membranes: CFD and Experimental Approaches. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Taylor & Francis, 2010, 4 (1), pp.17-28. 〈10.1080/19942060.2010.11015296〉. 〈hal-01295364〉 Plus de détails...
Knowing how wall shear stress develops at the membrane surface is extremely useful when trying to reduce concentration polarization and fouling. Newly developed as well as manufactured ceramic membranes exhibit various channel geometries (cylindrical, square, triangular, etc). Mass transport characteristics depend on the geometry that conditions hydrodynamic conditions. The goal of this work is to study the influence of the channel geometry on the wall shear stress for various operating parameters (tangential velocity, transmembrane pressure…). Numerical simulations are performed for various inlet velocities for different channel geometries. The wall shear stress along the channel perimeter as a function of the shape and the cross section of the channel are studied. The influence of the geometry on the membrane performances is also studied. The simulated shear stress is employed to correlate experimental results. The results of this comparison show that mass transfer resistance depends on the wall shear stress alone, regardless of the flow rate, the shape or section of the channels.
F. Springer, R. Ghidossi, E. Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, et al.. Study of the Effect of Geometry on Wall Shear Stress and Permeate Flux for Ceramic Membranes: CFD and Experimental Approaches. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Taylor & Francis, 2010, 4 (1), pp.17-28. 〈10.1080/19942060.2010.11015296〉. 〈hal-01295364〉
Journal: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Raja Ben Amar. Decolourization of the reconstituted dye bath effluent by commercial laccase treatment: optimization through response surface methodology. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2010, 156 (1), pp.121-133. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.007〉. 〈hal-01025206〉 Plus de détails...
This paper aims to study the effect of temperature, pH and enzyme concentration on decolourization of separately two reactive textile dyes (Black Novacron R and Blue Bezaktiv S-GLD 150) used in reconstituted dye bath effluent (textile dye and auxiliary components) and in aqueous dye solutions (dye dissolved in deionised water) by a commercial laccase formulation (DeniLite® IIS). The central composite design (CCD) matrix and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to design experiments for the evaluation of the interactive effects of the three most important operating variables: temperature 'T' (25-45 °C), pH (3.0-7.0), and enzyme concentration 'EC' (80-240 U/L) on the enzymatic decolourization of the different synthetic dyes solutions at initial dye concentration of 40 mg/L. The RSM indicated that the optimum parameter values were respectively for the reconstituted Black Novacron R and the Blue Bezaktiv S-GLD 150 effluents: T = 43 °C and 41.44 °C, pH 6 and 6.29, EC = 222 and 226.43 U/L. The maximum colour removal was about 98.9% at 593 nm and 79.9% at 400 nm for reconstituted Black Novacron R effluent and about 98.9% at 620 nm for reconstituted Blue Bezaktiv S-GLD 150 effluent. For aqueous dye solutions, RSM has shown that colour removal obtained were quite similar. However, the optimum parameters were different. Hence, enzyme concentration depends on the effluent component.
Imen Khouni, Benoît Marrot, Raja Ben Amar. Decolourization of the reconstituted dye bath effluent by commercial laccase treatment: optimization through response surface methodology. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2010, 156 (1), pp.121-133. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.007〉. 〈hal-01025206〉
Hassen Dhaouadi, Benoît Marrot. Olive mill wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor: process stability and fouling aspects. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2010, 31 (7), pp.761-770. 〈10.1080/09593331003636621〉. 〈hal-01024735〉 Plus de détails...
An external ceramic membrane bioreactor was used to carry out an experimental study of process stability and fouling aspects for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment. Three diluted OMW solutions were used to continuously feed the reactor. An acclimated biomass was employed and the process stability was followed on the basis of the permeate quality and some operating parameters (pressure, temperature, mass flow and dissolved oxygen). Several backpulse combinations were tested to determine the best filtration and backwash time. It appeared that a short backpulse duration was sufficient and that the behaviour, in terms of the permeate flux versus time, stabilized. In terms of increased permeate flux, the effect of the backpulsing depended on the nature of the solution. This improvement was limited, but, in the long-term, backpulsing makes it possible to maintain a constant permeate flux over a period of several days.
Hassen Dhaouadi, Benoît Marrot. Olive mill wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor: process stability and fouling aspects. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2010, 31 (7), pp.761-770. 〈10.1080/09593331003636621〉. 〈hal-01024735〉
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. Effect of antiscalants on precipitation of an RO concentrate: metals precipitated and particle characteristics for several water compositions. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (8), pp.2672-2684. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.034〉. 〈hal-01024814〉 Plus de détails...
Inland brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) is economically and technically limited by the large volume of salty waste (concentrate) produced. The use of a controlled precipitation step, followed by solid/liquid separation (filtration), has emerged as a promising side-stream treatment process to treat reverse osmosis concentrate and increase overall system recovery. The addition of antiscalants to the RO feed prevents precipitation within the membrane system but might have a deleterious effect on a concentrate treatment process that uses precipitation to remove problematic precipitates. The effects of antiscalant type and concentration on salt precipitation and precipitate particle morphology were evaluated for several water compositions. The primary precipitate for the synthetic brackish waters tested was calcium carbonate; the presence of magnesium, sulfate, minor ions, and antiscalant compounds affected the amount of calcium precipitated, as well as the phases of calcium carbonate formed during precipitation. Addition of antiscalant decreased calcium precipitation but increased incorporation of magnesium and sulfate into precipitating calcium carbonate. Antiscalants prevented the growth of nucleated precipitates, resulting in the formation of small (100-200 nm diameter) particles, as well as larger (6-10 μm) particles. Elemental analysis revealed changes in composition and calcium carbonate polymorph with antiscalant addition and antiscalant type. Results indicate that the presence of antiscalants does reduce the extent of calcium precipitation and can worsen subsequent filtration performance.
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. Effect of antiscalants on precipitation of an RO concentrate: metals precipitated and particle characteristics for several water compositions. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (8), pp.2672-2684. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.034〉. 〈hal-01024814〉
R. Ghidossi, Emilie Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, Philippe Moulin. Optimizing the compacity of ceramic membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2010, 360 (1-2), pp.483-492. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.050〉. 〈hal-01024773〉 Plus de détails...
The aim of this study is to increase exchange area or specific area of the membrane unit containing the ceramic membranes in order to achieve a compacity of over 330 m2/m3. Several configurations were studied by varying parameters like the diameter, membrane geometry, and the form of channels (cylindrical, square-section, triangular, hexagonal, etc.). Taking manufacturing constraints into account, several optimized geometries were described, thus allowing the optimization of the filtration area for each module. In this way, membrane compacity was significantly improved. Therefore a substantial increase in the permeate flux was expected and it was important to verify the capacity of the porous media to evacuate such permeate flux. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to simulate permeate evacuation as well as the flow-rate of each individual channel in the monolith. The optimal geometries could then be determined as a function of this permeate flow-rate and/or cut-off threshold. The experimental results obtained with water were in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulation.
R. Ghidossi, Emilie Carretier, D. Veyret, D. Dhaler, Philippe Moulin. Optimizing the compacity of ceramic membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2010, 360 (1-2), pp.483-492. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.050〉. 〈hal-01024773〉
Georgette Rebollar-Perez, Emilie Carretier, Philippe Moulin. Aplicaciones de la permeación de vapor: el tratamiento de compuestos orgánicos volátiles de origen antropogénico. Revista mexicana de ingeniería química, 2010, 9 (1), pp.67-77. 〈hal-01044472〉 Plus de détails...
Vapour permeation is a membrane separating process that has been used since several decades for gas separation and it has been recently and successfully applied in treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOC) charged gaseous effluents. It presents several advantages compared to conventional processes for gas effluent treatment (e.g. adsorption, incineration and oxidation): it is energetically less demanding, it is easy to operate and it is economically feasible. This article presents a review of the VOC emissions in some principal industrialised countries and the positioning of vapour permeation between the processes for gaseous effluent treatment. It also presents some generalities about the operational principles of vapour permeation, as well as the main characteristics of the commonly used membrane modules and the current materials used for membrane manufacturing. Finally, an overview of the industrial application opportunities of vapour permeation is given.
Georgette Rebollar-Perez, Emilie Carretier, Philippe Moulin. Aplicaciones de la permeación de vapor: el tratamiento de compuestos orgánicos volátiles de origen antropogénico. Revista mexicana de ingeniería química, 2010, 9 (1), pp.67-77. 〈hal-01044472〉
Elise Barbot, Philippe Dussouillez, J.Y. Bottero, Philippe Moulin. Coagulation of bentonite suspension by polyelectrolytes or ferric chloride: floc breakage and reformation. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2010, 156 (1), pp.83-91. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.001〉. 〈hal-01024705〉 Plus de détails...
Coagulation process usually involves different hydrodynamic conditions, in particular when it is followed by a filtration step. In this study, coagulation performance was investigated under a wide range of shear stress. Floc behaviour was followed in-line by laser granulometry to determine size distribution and structure. Synthetic suspension of bentonite in tap water was used as a reference for mineral solids in surface water. Three cationic polymers (polyamine based and polyDADMAC) and ferric chloride were tested using different coagulation reactor geometries. Jar-test indicated coagulation performance under mild hydrodynamic conditions and Taylor-Couette reactors were used to create shear stresses up to 8 Pa. Flocs formed with ferric chloride are not able to grow under middle shear stress like 1.5 Pa. On the contrary, polyelectrolytes lead to large flocs, dense (Df = 2.6) and resistant to shear stress. A qualitative comparison of floc resistance to shear depending on hydrodynamic conditions and coagulant type is given through the calculation of the strength factor. Fractal dimension measurements indicate a mechanism of particle erosion when flocs are subjected to a higher shear stress in Taylor-Couette reactor. Floc re-growth is also investigated, and breakage appears to be non-reversible regardless of coagulant and conditions experimented.
Elise Barbot, Philippe Dussouillez, J.Y. Bottero, Philippe Moulin. Coagulation of bentonite suspension by polyelectrolytes or ferric chloride: floc breakage and reformation. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2010, 156 (1), pp.83-91. 〈10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.001〉. 〈hal-01024705〉
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. The effect of antiscalant addition on calcium carbonate precipitation for a simplified synthetic brackish water reverse osmosis concentrate. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (9), pp.2957-2969. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.024〉. 〈hal-01024800〉 Plus de détails...
The primary limitations to inland brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) desalination are the cost and technical feasibility of concentrate disposal. To decrease concentrate volume, a side-stream process can be used to precipitate problematic scaling salts and remove the precipitate with a solid/liquid separation step. The treated concentrate can then be purified through a secondary reverse osmosis stage to increase overall recovery and decrease the volume of waste requiring disposal. Antiscalants are used in an RO system to prevent salt precipitation but might affect side-stream concentrate treatment. Precipitation experiments were performed on a synthetic RO concentrate with and without antiscalant; of particular interest was the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Particle size distributions, calcium precipitation, microfiltration flux, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of antiscalant type, antiscalant concentration, and precipitation pH on calcium carbonate precipitation and filtration. Results show that antiscalants can decrease precipitate particle size and change the shape of the particles; smaller particles can cause an increase in microfiltration flux decline during the solid/liquid separation step. The presence of antiscalant during precipitation can also decrease the mass of precipitated calcium carbonate.
Lauren F. Greenlee, Fabrice Testa, Desmond F. Lawler, Benny D. Freeman, Philippe Moulin. The effect of antiscalant addition on calcium carbonate precipitation for a simplified synthetic brackish water reverse osmosis concentrate. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (9), pp.2957-2969. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.024〉. 〈hal-01024800〉
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Application of magnetic nanoparticles for UF membrane integrity monitoring at low-pressure operation. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2010, 350 (1-2), pp.172-179. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2009.12.025〉. 〈hal-01025137〉 Plus de détails...
An alternative ultrafiltration membrane integrity test is presented and evaluated, based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and measurement of magnetic susceptibility. The mean size of nanoparticles used is around 35 nm and they show a good disparity between 20 and 100 nm. A series of integrity tests were carried out on a Norit membrane module containing 100 fibers under a low transmembrane pressure of 0.25 bar. The results showed that no magnetic susceptibility was detected in permeate when the tests were performed on the intact module in both cross-flow and dead-end filtration, indicating the complete nanoparticle retention by the intact module. However, when even one fiber was broken in the module (1% breakage rate), magnetic susceptibility of permeate could be detected instantaneously even at feed concentrations as low as 1.2 ppm with Bartington magnetic susceptibility meter. This detection is valid during all the filtration process. The results also showed that the membrane permeability could be completely recovered after a backwash. This membrane integrity test, with the advantages of simplicity, on-line operation, high detection specificity and sensitivity, quick detection and very low influence on membrane fouling, seems to be suitable for large-scale drinking water plants.
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Application of magnetic nanoparticles for UF membrane integrity monitoring at low-pressure operation. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2010, 350 (1-2), pp.172-179. 〈10.1016/j.memsci.2009.12.025〉. 〈hal-01025137〉
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Frédéric Topin, Jérôme Vicente, Lounes Tadrist. Cocurrent gas-liquid flow in metal foam: an experimental investigation of pressure gradient. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2010, 13 (6), pp.497-510. 〈10.1615/JPorMedia.v13.i6.10〉. 〈hal-01024714〉 Plus de détails...
Metal foams have a relatively large "fluid/solid" contact area (m2 m−3) as well as small pressure drops due to their open structure. They may be used for many applications, such as in chemical reactors for the deposition of a catalyst. Gas and liquid cocurrent flows through this solid foam packing are investigated. Sample pore sizes are in the range of 400−2500 μm. The influence of pore size and gas and liquid mass flow rate density on the pressure gradient is experimentally investigated, and flow regimes are observed (bubbly, pulsating, and trickle flow). The reduced pressure gradient, defined as the two-phase multiplier by Lockhart and Martinelli formalism, allows the gathering and comparing of results obtained for all samples. Although the pore size range is very wide, the two-phase multiplier does not reveal any significant discrepancy between all the tested samples. Moreover, a correlation with glass-packed beds may reasonably be used to predict the pressure drop in metal foam (±25%).
Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Frédéric Topin, Jérôme Vicente, Lounes Tadrist. Cocurrent gas-liquid flow in metal foam: an experimental investigation of pressure gradient. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2010, 13 (6), pp.497-510. 〈10.1615/JPorMedia.v13.i6.10〉. 〈hal-01024714〉
Ludiwine Clouzot, Pierre Doumenq, Nicolas Roche, Benoît Marrot. Kinetic parameters for 17α-ethinylestradiol removal by nitrifying activated sludge developed in a membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2010, 101 (16), pp.6425-6431. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.039〉. 〈hal-01024728〉 Plus de détails...
The synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is primarily removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by sorption, and nitrifying biomass has been shown to be responsible for EE2 biodegradation. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology was chosen to develop a community of autotrophic, nitrifying micro-organisms and determine kinetic parameters for EE2 biodegradation. Biological inhibition by azide was applied to differentiate sorption from biodegradation. Activated sludge (AS) was acclimated in the MBR to a substrate specific to autotrophic biomass and resulted in an increase in nitrifying activity. Acclimated AS was used to successfully biodegrade EE2 (11% increase in EE2 removal), and the overall removal of EE2 was determined to be 99% (sorption + biodegradation). AS used directly from a WWTP without acclimation removed EE2 only through sorption (88% removal of EE2). Therefore, higher nitrifying activity developed by acclimating AS allowed almost complete removal of EE2.
Ludiwine Clouzot, Pierre Doumenq, Nicolas Roche, Benoît Marrot. Kinetic parameters for 17α-ethinylestradiol removal by nitrifying activated sludge developed in a membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2010, 101 (16), pp.6425-6431. 〈10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.039〉. 〈hal-01024728〉
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Low-pressure membrane integrity tests for drinking water treatment: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (1), pp.41-57. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.032〉. 〈hal-01025143〉 Plus de détails...
Low-pressure membrane systems, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, are being increasingly used in drinking water treatments due to their high level of pathogen removal. However, the pathogen will pass through the membrane and contaminate the product if the membrane integrity is compromised. Therefore, an effective on-line integrity monitoring method for MF and UF membrane systems is essential to guarantee the regulatory requirements for pathogen removal. A lot of works on low-pressure membrane integrity tests have been conducted by many researchers. This paper provides a literature review about different low-pressure membrane integrity monitoring methods for the drinking water treatment, including direct methods (pressure-based tests, acoustic sensor test, liquid porosimetry, etc.) and indirect methods (particle counting, particle monitoring, turbidity monitoring, surrogate challenge tests). Additionally, some information about the operation of membrane integrity tests is presented here. It can be realized from this review that it remains urgent to develop an alternative on-line detection technique for a quick, accurate, simple, continuous and relatively inexpensive evaluation of low-pressure membrane integrity. To better satisfy regulatory requirements for drinking water treatments, the characteristic of this ideal membrane integrity test is proposed at the end of this paper.
H. Guo, Yvan Wyart, J. Perot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Low-pressure membrane integrity tests for drinking water treatment: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2010, 44 (1), pp.41-57. 〈10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.032〉. 〈hal-01025143〉
F. Springer, Remy Ghidossi, Emilie Carretier, Damien Veyret, D. Dhaler, et al.. Study of the effect of geometry on wall shear stress and permeate flux for ceramic membranes: CFD and experimental approaches. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Taylor & Francis, 2010, 4 (1), pp.17-29. 〈hal-01025200〉 Plus de dét
