C. Savaro, J.P. Bonnet, M.V. Johansson, P. Perrier, I. Graur, et al.. Gas permeability in rarefied flow conditions for characterization of mineral membrane support. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, Elsevier, 2020, 79, pp.44-53. ⟨10.1016/j.euromechflu.2019.07.005⟩. ⟨hal-02335012⟩ Plus de détails...
Gas Permeability Measurement Technique (GPMT) has the advantage of being a non-destructive method, which is efficient in characterizing filtration membranes. Ceramic filtration membranes consist of successive layers of micro (support) to nano size (skin) pores. When gas flows through such a small scale structure, the molecular mean free path becomes comparable to the pore size. The Slip flow model, validated to describe the gas transport properties under rarefied flow conditions in a microchannel, is extended to porous media. The porous structure is modeled as a cluster of several identical cylindrical channels.
C. Savaro, J.P. Bonnet, M.V. Johansson, P. Perrier, I. Graur, et al.. Gas permeability in rarefied flow conditions for characterization of mineral membrane support. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, Elsevier, 2020, 79, pp.44-53. ⟨10.1016/j.euromechflu.2019.07.005⟩. ⟨hal-02335012⟩
Chamaiporn Pinchai, Mathias Monnot, Sébastien Lefevre, Olivier Boutin, Philippe Moulin. Coupling membrane filtration and wet air oxidation for advanced wastewater treatment: Performance at the pilot scale and process intensification potential. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Wiley, 2019, pp.1-10. ⟨10.1002/cjce.23688⟩. ⟨hal-02416179⟩ Plus de détails...
Bio‐refractory wastewater treatment is compulsory for a safe discharge into the environment. This paper aims to study the use of membrane processes to concentrate wastewater to be then treated by a hydrothermal process such as wet air oxidation for advanced and intensified wastewater treatment. The work focused on three different synthetic wastewaters of public or industrial interest: pharmaceutical wastewater, grey wastewater, and bilge wastewater. Membrane processes operated at the pilot scale enabled retentions as high as 100% of total organic carbon, more than 99% of turbidity, and 70% of hydrocarbon, respectively. High concentration factors were obtained. Membrane foulings were chemically reversible whatever the type of wastewater or the membrane process. Thanks to membrane filtrations, the volumes to be treated by wet air oxidation were drastically reduced, leading to high energy savings. Membrane retentates were then treated by wet air oxidation (300°C, 15 MPa) and resulted in more than an 83% mineralization rate, regardless of the effluent. The hybrid intensified process presented in this work strongly increased the possibility of discharging into the environment by mixing the process outputs or greatly reducing the discharge volume and ultimately the waste load.
Chamaiporn Pinchai, Mathias Monnot, Sébastien Lefevre, Olivier Boutin, Philippe Moulin. Coupling membrane filtration and wet air oxidation for advanced wastewater treatment: Performance at the pilot scale and process intensification potential. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Wiley, 2019, pp.1-10. ⟨10.1002/cjce.23688⟩. ⟨hal-02416179⟩
Martin Victor Johansson, Fabrice Testa, Pierre Perrier, Jérôme Vicente, Jean Philippe Bonnet, et al.. Determination of an effective pore dimension for microporous media. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Elsevier, 2019, 142, pp.118412. ⟨10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.062⟩. ⟨hal-02196396⟩ Plus de détails...
The transient method of the mass flow rate and permeability measurements through a microporous media, developed previously, is used here to extract different characteristics of the media. By implementing the model of porous media as a bundle of capillaries the effective pore dimension is extracted from the measurements, and its physical interpretation is given. This methodology shows promising results to be used as a non-destructive method of micro-and-nanoporous media analysis. The permeability is also extracted directly from the measurements of the pressure variation in time. By using additional information about the sample porosity, the number of capillaries, the tortuosity and the internal surface of the sample are calculated. The extracted values are very close to that obtained by the mercury porosimetry and by microtomography.
Martin Victor Johansson, Fabrice Testa, Pierre Perrier, Jérôme Vicente, Jean Philippe Bonnet, et al.. Determination of an effective pore dimension for microporous media. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Elsevier, 2019, 142, pp.118412. ⟨10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.062⟩. ⟨hal-02196396⟩
Journal: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Xueru Yan, Stéphane Anguille, Marc Bendahan, Philippe Moulin. Ionic liquids combined with membrane separation processes: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2019, 222, pp.230-253. ⟨10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.103⟩. ⟨hal-02119807⟩ Plus de détails...
Thomas La Rocca, Emilie Carretier, Didier Dhaler, Eric Louradour, Thien Truong, et al.. Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes. Membranes, MDPI, 2019, 9 (7), pp.76. ⟨10.3390/membranes9070076⟩. ⟨hal-02335018⟩ Plus de détails...
Solvents purification mainly used in pharmaceutical field such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were performed through hybrid silica membranes and from binary and multi-components mixtures. Two hybrid silica membranes—zirconia doped bis(triethoxysilyl)methane and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE)—were studied. Flux, permeance, and separation factor were evaluated depending on temperature, composition, and number of organic compounds in the feed. Dehydration tests of acetone were operated at 30 and 45 °C following by acetone and MEK purification at 50 °C from multi-components hydro-organic mixtures where hydrophilic compounds (water, methanol) but also hydrophobic (dichloromethane (DCM) and/or toluene) were present. Results showed that the presence of Zr nanoparticles affected flux and improved selectivity in the case of dehydration. Experiments related to acetone and MEK purification, revealed a mass transfer alteration and a decrease of performance, from 99 to 97 wt% and from 98 to 95 wt% respectively, when the number of compounds in the initial feed grown up and more precisely, in the presence of DCM and toluene thus highlighting a possible coupling effect.
Thomas La Rocca, Emilie Carretier, Didier Dhaler, Eric Louradour, Thien Truong, et al.. Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes. Membranes, MDPI, 2019, 9 (7), pp.76. ⟨10.3390/membranes9070076⟩. ⟨hal-02335018⟩
R Mao, N. Fedorczak, G. Ciraolo, H. Bufferand, Y. Marandet, et al.. Impact of alternative divertor configuration on plasma detachment: pure Deuterium simulations with SolEdge2D-EIRENE edge transport code for HL-2M scenario. Nuclear Fusion, 2019. ⟨hal-02370418⟩ Plus de détails...
The SOLEDGE-EIRENE edge plasma code provides solutions for particle & energy transport in the plasma edge within complex and realistic 2D geometries [1]. In this work, divertor detachment is simulated on the HL-2M alternative magnetic configurations in pure Deuterium plasma. Starting from typical HL-2M low single-null (SN) configuration, the snowflake plus (SF+) and snowflake minus (SF-) configurations have been investigated. Detachment of the outer target is studied in these configurations during plasma density ramps controlled by a fueling source, at constant input power and constant radial transport coefficients. Some typical characteristics of detachment, like threshold, depth and upstream window of detachment are investigated. In the three geometries, detachment onset and evolution with upstream plasma density is characterized by the gradual displacement of a radiation front from the outer target to the main X-point, as observed in experiments. It is found that, whatever the detachment in terms of particle, momentum or power dissipation, the detachment threshold is dominated primarily by the geometrical structure of divertor plate and it does not exhibit dependence on the magnetic configuration of the diverted plasma volume. In particular, the parallel connection length in the divertor is not found to affect the detachment threshold, in contrast with simple expectations from the 2-point model, but in agreement with experimental findings.
R Mao, N. Fedorczak, G. Ciraolo, H. Bufferand, Y. Marandet, et al.. Impact of alternative divertor configuration on plasma detachment: pure Deuterium simulations with SolEdge2D-EIRENE edge transport code for HL-2M scenario. Nuclear Fusion, 2019. ⟨hal-02370418⟩
Xueru Yan, Alexandre Favard, Stéphane Anguille, Marc Bendahan, Philippe Moulin. Effects of Operating Parameters on Ionic Liquid Membrane to Remove Humidity in a Green Continuous Process. Membranes, MDPI, 2019, 9 (5), pp.65. ⟨10.3390/membranes9050065⟩. ⟨hal-02335020⟩ Plus de détails...
Membrane processes are promising methods to separate gases from feed streams without phase changing. A hybrid process, the combination of ionic liquids with a ceramic membrane (ILM), has been developed for humidity removal in a green continuous process. This new concept provides a more efficient and available ionic liquid (IL)-based membrane regeneration process, which just switches the moist feed stream to dry air. Furthermore, the ILM presents high stability and mechanical resistance during long-time operation. In addition, the influences of several operating parameters, including flow rate, temperature, absolute pressure, and feed concentration on process efficiency were investigated. The lower inlet flow rate was found to be favorable for drying humid air. Moreover, when the pressure increased, the mass of absorbed water was increased, while the feed concentration had no significant effects on the membrane separation performance. However, the operating temperature had a great effect on humidity removal. It is necessary to note that the processes at room temperature can limit the energy consumption. The absorbing process of ILM remained efficient after several absorption desorption cycles. Therefore, the new ILM hybrid process that has been developed has great potential for consecutive humidity removal processes.
Xueru Yan, Alexandre Favard, Stéphane Anguille, Marc Bendahan, Philippe Moulin. Effects of Operating Parameters on Ionic Liquid Membrane to Remove Humidity in a Green Continuous Process. Membranes, MDPI, 2019, 9 (5), pp.65. ⟨10.3390/membranes9050065⟩. ⟨hal-02335020⟩
Clémence Cordier, Lisa Charpin, Christophe Stavrakakis, Mathias Papin, Killian Guyomard, et al.. Ultrafiltration: A solution to recycle the breeding waters in shellfish production. Aquaculture, Elsevier, 2019, 504, pp.30-38. ⟨10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.045⟩. ⟨hal-02177016⟩ Plus de détails...
Shellfish profession is jeopardized by water quality problem that concerns inlet, with the need to protect the animals from pathogens contaminations, and effluents potentially harmful for the environment with the presence of pathogens, nutrients or organic matter. In this study, ultrafiltration was tested to answer these issues. The objective of the work was two-fold: (i) treat a real effluent from an oyster breeding, the pilot had to continuously face a water containing organic matter and pathogens and (ii) use ultrafiltered water to feed an oyster spat. The process was proved to be efficient in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) and bacterial retention, and especially for Vibrio bacteria, some of whom are potentially harmful for shells. The sustainability of the process facing this pollution was demonstrated and thus for different filtration conditions. Indeed, backwashes and air-backwashes performed were efficient enough to control the fouling generated, so a chemical cleaning was necessary about every 12 h. Water quality parameters, physico-chemical and bacterial, of ultrafiltered effluents were similar to the one obtained with a classical seawater used to feed oyster spats. Ultrafiltration was efficient to treat an effluent from oyster farm and produce water allowing the grown of juveniles. This process could be a solution to reuse effluents in shellfish farms.
Clémence Cordier, Lisa Charpin, Christophe Stavrakakis, Mathias Papin, Killian Guyomard, et al.. Ultrafiltration: A solution to recycle the breeding waters in shellfish production. Aquaculture, Elsevier, 2019, 504, pp.30-38. ⟨10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.045⟩. ⟨hal-02177016⟩
Maud Villain-Gambier, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Influence of proteins and humic-like substances from soluble microbial products on membrane bioreactor fouling under normal and stress conditions. Process Biochemistry, Elsevier, 2019, 78, pp.140-147. ⟨10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.012⟩. ⟨hal-02176976⟩ Plus de détails...
Soluble microbial products are one of the major fouling agents in membrane bioreactor (MBR). It is accepted that high molecular weights polysaccharides are the main contributors to membrane fouling but the presence in bulk solution of proteins and humic-like substances make fouling layer more complex. To better understand the role of both components in fouling establishment, they were quantified and characterized in bioreactor and permeate under various operating conditions (sludge retention time (SRT), synthetic or real wastewater (SWW or RWW), rapid variation of food to microorganisms (F/M) ratio). With SWW at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, a larger part of proteins possessing small molecular weights (< 1 kDa) were obtained with increasing SRT from 20 to 50 d. At 50 d, these proteins present better retention (93%) and could participate in lowering gel layer porosity. MBR operating at SRT of 20 d was then preferable. At respective SRT and HRT of 50 d and 24 h with SWW, F/M ratio decrease (from 0.2 to 0.1 kg (COD).kg(MLVSS)(-1).d(-1) during 24 h) provoked implementation of a compact fouling layer which provoked a high TMP increase (0.83 kPa.h(-1)). Biodegradation of proteins involved in bio clusters structures were implied in this phenomenon.
Maud Villain-Gambier, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Influence of proteins and humic-like substances from soluble microbial products on membrane bioreactor fouling under normal and stress conditions. Process Biochemistry, Elsevier, 2019, 78, pp.140-147. ⟨10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.012⟩. ⟨hal-02176976⟩
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Béatrice Dupuy, Mathias Papin, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Ultrafiltration for environment safety in shellfish production: removal of oyster gametes in hatchery effluents. Aquacultural Engineering, Elsevier, 2019, 84, pp.80-90. ⟨hal-01964883⟩ Plus de détails...
Triploid oysters are favoured by the aquaculture industry because of their sterility, which results in two advantages: a faster growth than natural oysters and a constant quality throughout all the year, which is attractive for consumers. In France, these oysters are mainly produced by mating natural and tetraploid oysters whose production poses a risk for marine environmental biodiversity if biological material is released into the environment. Therefore, effluents from farms which could produce those kinds of oysters must be treated. The objective of this work was to treat shellfish hatchery effluents by ultrafiltration. The retention of gametes by the membrane, was validated for different scenario, 5 log removals were obtained, and their viability was evaluated after treatment highlighting a destruction of these species after air-backwash. The sustainability of the process facing this organic pollution on the duration of each test but also on the period of the study was demonstrated. A protection of the marine environment biodiversity is obtained with ultrafiltration processes.
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Béatrice Dupuy, Mathias Papin, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Ultrafiltration for environment safety in shellfish production: removal of oyster gametes in hatchery effluents. Aquacultural Engineering, Elsevier, 2019, 84, pp.80-90. ⟨hal-01964883⟩
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Béatrice Dupuy, Mathias Papin, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Ultrafiltration for environment safety in shellfish production: Removal of oyster gametes in hatchery effluents. Aquacultural Engineering, Elsevier, 2019, 84, pp.80-90. ⟨10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.12.008⟩. ⟨hal-02176940⟩ Plus de détails...
Triploid oysters are favoured by the aquaculture industry because of their sterility, which results in two advantages: a faster growth than natural oysters and a constant quality throughout all the year, which is attractive for consumers. In France, these oysters are mainly produced by mating natural and tetraploid oysters whose production poses a risk for marine environmental biodiversity if biological material is released into the environment. Therefore, effluents from farms which could produce those kinds of oysters must be treated. The objective of this work was to treat shellfish hatchery effluents by ultrafiltration. The retention of gametes by the membrane, was validated for different scenario, 5 log removals were obtained, and their viability was evaluated after treatment highlighting a destruction of these species after air-backwash. The sustainability of the process facing this organic pollution on the duration of each test but also on the period of the study was demonstrated. A protection of the marine environment biodiversity is obtained with ultrafiltration processes.
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Béatrice Dupuy, Mathias Papin, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Ultrafiltration for environment safety in shellfish production: Removal of oyster gametes in hatchery effluents. Aquacultural Engineering, Elsevier, 2019, 84, pp.80-90. ⟨10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.12.008⟩. ⟨hal-02176940⟩
Clémence Cordier, Lisa Charpin, Christophe Stavrakakis, Mathias Papin, Killian Guyomard, et al.. Ultrafiltration: A solution to recycle the breeding waters in shellfish production. Aquaculture, Elsevier, 2019. ⟨hal-01993324⟩ Plus de détails...
Clémence Cordier, Lisa Charpin, Christophe Stavrakakis, Mathias Papin, Killian Guyomard, et al.. Ultrafiltration: A solution to recycle the breeding waters in shellfish production. Aquaculture, Elsevier, 2019. ⟨hal-01993324⟩
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Economic viability of treating ballast water of ships by ultrafiltration as a function of the process position. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2018. ⟨hal-01956600⟩ Plus de détails...
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Economic viability of treating ballast water of ships by ultrafiltration as a function of the process position. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2018. ⟨hal-01956600⟩
Thomas La Rocca, Emilie Carretier, Thomas Clair, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. On-Line NIR to Regulate Pervaporation Process: Application for Dehydration. Membranes, MDPI, 2018, 8 (3), pp.74. ⟨hal-01947010⟩ Plus de détails...
The regeneration of volatile organic solvents via dehydration tests, from 90 wt %, was evaluated by pervaporation using an on-line near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Experiments were performed using a bis(triethoxysilyl)methane (BTESM)-based ceramic HybSi((R)) membrane at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 degrees C. The presence of an on-line NIR allows continuous monitoring of the process without sampling, and quickly estimates mass fractions of species in the retentate. Dehydration tests were performed at 30 degrees C in order to confirm the on-line NIR reproducibility, and closely matched results obtained with an off-line densimeter. These results validated the usefulness of the on-line NIR and provided the same precision whatever the mass fraction in the retentate. A good on-line reproducibility was found, with an agreement between the on-line NIR and off-line densimeter, obtaining an average deviation of +/- 0.058 wt %, +/- 0.17 wt % and +/- 0.049 wt %, respectively, at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C.
Thomas La Rocca, Emilie Carretier, Thomas Clair, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. On-Line NIR to Regulate Pervaporation Process: Application for Dehydration. Membranes, MDPI, 2018, 8 (3), pp.74. ⟨hal-01947010⟩
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Patrick Sauvade, Franz Coelho, Philippe Moulin. Air Backwash Efficiency on Organic Fouling of UF Membranes Applied to Shellfish Hatchery Effluents. Membranes, MDPI, 2018, 8 (3), ⟨10.3390/membranes8030048⟩. ⟨hal-01887993⟩ Plus de détails...
Clémence Cordier, Christophe Stavrakakis, Patrick Sauvade, Franz Coelho, Philippe Moulin. Air Backwash Efficiency on Organic Fouling of UF Membranes Applied to Shellfish Hatchery Effluents. Membranes, MDPI, 2018, 8 (3), ⟨10.3390/membranes8030048⟩. ⟨hal-01887993⟩
Yannick Manon, Yvan Wyart, Angélique Fabre, Anne Brehant, Reynald Bonnard, et al.. Development of a new method for measuring the abrasive potential of water: risk of membrane failure in water treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2018, 77 (12), pp.2781-2793. ⟨10.2166/wst.2018.266⟩. ⟨hal-02114559⟩ Plus de détails...
The objectives of this study were to develop an analytical method to distinguish feed water used to produce drinking water, with varying concentrations of suspended solids, in terms of abrasiveness and to define an index that can assess the abrasive potential of the feed water coming in contact with a polymeric membrane. For such process configurations, membrane abrasion has been identified as one of the most recurring and major concerns in operation because the polymeric materials used in treatment plants are relatively sensitive to abrasion. Five different types of apparatus were benchmarked and were evaluated on their ability to be adapted to particles commonly found in most drinking water treatment plants at low concentrations. After comparing 10 criteria, the MCR302 with a tribological cell of Anton Paar was identified as the most relevant device. For the selected tool (MCR302), a statistical approach was used to provide a safe and robust ranking of the abrasive potential of the different types of water. An analysis of variance allowed the origin of the result variability to be explained. The newly developed methodology enables quantification of the abrasive potential of natural waters used for membrane filtration with a relevance of ranking higher than 90%.
Yannick Manon, Yvan Wyart, Angélique Fabre, Anne Brehant, Reynald Bonnard, et al.. Development of a new method for measuring the abrasive potential of water: risk of membrane failure in water treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2018, 77 (12), pp.2781-2793. ⟨10.2166/wst.2018.266⟩. ⟨hal-02114559⟩
Pierre Hamon, Philippe Moulin, Lionel Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9-26. ⟨10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012⟩. ⟨hal-02114276⟩ Plus de détails...
Discharges of care, analyses and research activities from hospital wards are the source of the specificity of hospital effluents because they contain, among others, drug residues, detergents and disinfectants. Even if hospitals represent a small fraction of the total drug load discharged into the environment, below 10% for drugs, the characterization of this specific effluent shows that global pollution is 2-3 times more concentrated than urban wastewater. Moreover this ratio increases to 150 times for some micropollutants. Activated sludge ac-climation in 2 membrane bioreactor (MBR) configurations (external and external submerged) to effluents from an oncological ward will be studied monitoring the performances on conventional pollution parameters (che-mical oxygen demand, ammonium, total suspended solids etc.). The performances of drug degradation are compared with the data of the literature and with degradation tests in batch reactor with no acclimated biomass from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The results are achieved for effluents with a high concentration of drug molecules, up to 6.82 mg L −1 for ifosfamide. The treatment allows the development of enhanced purification efficiencies on drug molecules and confirms the choice of a MBR process to treat this effluent, although the simultaneous presence of the various compounds leads to a complex biological response. Indeed, 5-FU was eliminated almost systematically over 90%. Sulfamethoxazole and codeine can be significantly eliminated biologically, respectively to 79 and 95%. IF and CP removal in the reactor appeared more moderate since it does not exceed 40% but membrane fouling led to higher removals of both molecules.
Pierre Hamon, Philippe Moulin, Lionel Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9-26. ⟨10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012⟩. ⟨hal-02114276⟩
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9 - 26. ⟨10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012⟩. ⟨hal-01707836⟩ Plus de détails...
Discharges of care, analyses and research activities from hospital wards are the source of the specificity of hospital effluents because they contain, among others, drug residues, detergents and disinfectants. Even if hospitals represent a small fraction of the total drug load discharged into the environment, below 10% for drugs, the characterization of this specific effluent shows that global pollution is 2–3 times more concentrated than urban wastewater. Moreover this ratio increases to 150 times for some micropollutants. Activated sludge acclimation in 2 membrane bioreactor (MBR) configurations (external and external submerged) to effluents from an oncological ward will be studied monitoring the performances on conventional pollution parameters (chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, total suspended solids etc.). The performances of drug degradation are compared with the data of the literature and with degradation tests in batch reactor with no acclimated biomass from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The results are achieved for effluents with a high concentration of drug molecules, up to 6.82 mg L−1 for ifosfamide. The treatment allows the development of enhanced purification efficiencies on drug molecules and confirms the choice of a MBR process to treat this effluent, although the simultaneous presence of the various compounds leads to a complex biological response. Indeed, 5-FU was eliminated almost systematically over 90%. Sulfamethoxazole and codeine can be significantly eliminated biologically, respectively to 79 and 95%. IF and CP removal in the reactor appeared more moderate since it does not exceed 40% but membrane fouling led to higher removals of both molecules.
P. Hamon, Philippe Moulin, L. Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Oncological ward wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor: Acclimation feasibility and pharmaceuticals removal performances. Journal of Water Process Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 21, pp.9 - 26. ⟨10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.012⟩. ⟨hal-01707836⟩
Pierre Hamon, Philippe Moulin, Lionel Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Performance of a biomass adapted to oncological ward wastewater vs. biomass from municipal WWTP on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2018, 128, pp.193 - 205. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.037⟩. ⟨hal-02114290⟩ Plus de détails...
The performance of a biomass adapted to Oncological Ward Wastewater (OWW) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared with that of a municipal WWTP, on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules and more specifically on their overall resistance and purifying ability in the presence of pharmaceutical cocktails. Sorption and biotransformation mechanisms on two antineoplastics, one antibiotic and a painkiller were evaluated. Sludge acclimated to OWW allowed for a 34% increase in the removal rate and in the minimum inhibition concentration. The percentage of the amounts of specific pharmaceutical compounds removed by biotransformation or by sorption were measured. These results are positive, as they show that the observed removal of pharmaceutical molecules by biomass acclimated to OWW can mostly be attributed to developed biotransformation, unlike the biomass from the municipal WWTP for which sorption is sometimes the only removal mechanism. The biotransformation kinetic and the solid-water distribution coefficients in this study show good agreement with literature data, even for much higher pharmaceutical concentrations in OWW.
Pierre Hamon, Philippe Moulin, Lionel Ercolei, Benoit Marrot. Performance of a biomass adapted to oncological ward wastewater vs. biomass from municipal WWTP on the removal of pharmaceutical molecules. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2018, 128, pp.193 - 205. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.037⟩. ⟨hal-02114290⟩
Philippe Moulin, Alexandre Favard, Marc Bendahan, Yan Xueru, Stéphane Anguille, et al.. Ionic liquids filter for humidity effect reduction on metal oxide gas sensor response. Sensors & Transducers Journal, International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA), 2018. ⟨hal-01888014⟩ Plus de détails...
Philippe Moulin, Alexandre Favard, Marc Bendahan, Yan Xueru, Stéphane Anguille, et al.. Ionic liquids filter for humidity effect reduction on metal oxide gas sensor response. Sensors & Transducers Journal, International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA), 2018. ⟨hal-01888014⟩
Daniel Vielzeuf, Alexander Gagnon, Angèle Ricolleau, Jean-Luc Devidal, Catherine Balme-Heuze, et al.. Growth Kinetics and Distribution of Trace Elements in Precious Corals. Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2018, 6, pp.167. ⟨10.3389/feart.2018.00167⟩. ⟨hal-01958651⟩ Plus de détails...
The concentration and spatial distribution of major (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Na, Sr, S, Li, Ba, Pb, and U) in different Corallium skeletons (C. rubrum, C. japonicum, C. elatius, C. konojoi) have been studied by electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). EMP data show positive Na-Mg and negative Na-S and Mg-S correlations in all skeletons. LA-ICPMS data display additional Sr-Mg, Li-Mg, and U-Mg positive correlations. Medullar zones in the skeletons, corresponding to fast growing zones, are systematically richer in Mg, Na, Sr, Li, and U and poorer in S than the surrounding slow growing zones. These spatial distributions are mostly interpreted in terms of growth kinetics combined with steric effects influencing the incorporation of impurities in biogenic calcites. This interpretation is in agreement with available experimental data on kinetic effects on the incorporation of elements in calcite. At a different scale, annual growth rings in annular slow growing zones show oscillations in Mg, Na, Sr, and S. These chemical oscillations probably result from growth rate variations: fast growth would produce rings enriched in Mg, Sr, and Na, while slow growth would produce rings enriched in Ca, S and organic matter. From previous studies in C. rubrum, the Mg-rich rings would develop during the spring to fall period while the S-rich rings would form immediately after (late fall and winter). Analytical traverses performed in annular zones of different Corallium skeletons indicate that Mg, Na, Sr, Li, and U decrease from core to rim. This observation indicates that radial growth rate decreases as the colony gets older. Contrary to Mg, Na, Sr, Li, S, and U, barium and lead concentrations are identical in medullar and annular zones and appear independent of growth kinetics. Thus, concentrations in Corallium skeletons could provide indications on Ba and Pb contents in the oceans. Barium and lead concentrations are higher in Mediterranean than in Pacific precious corals, these two elements can be used to discriminate C. rubrum from C. japonicum, and contribute enforcing regulations on the trade of precious corals.
Daniel Vielzeuf, Alexander Gagnon, Angèle Ricolleau, Jean-Luc Devidal, Catherine Balme-Heuze, et al.. Growth Kinetics and Distribution of Trace Elements in Precious Corals. Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2018, 6, pp.167. ⟨10.3389/feart.2018.00167⟩. ⟨hal-01958651⟩
Martin Victor Johansson, Fabrice Testa, Imen Zaier, Pierre Perrier, Jean Philippe Bonnet, et al.. Mass flow rate and permeability measurements in microporous media. Vacuum, Elsevier, 2018, 158, pp.75-85. ⟨10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.030⟩. ⟨hal-01888007⟩ Plus de détails...
10 The transient method of the mass flow rate measurements through a microp-orous media is developed and analyzed. This method is based on the constant volume technique and the exponential fit of the pressure evolution in each tank which allows calculating the permeability directly. The pressure relaxation time, a single fitting parameter, is introduced and its behaviors are analyzed in a large pressure range. By measuring the pressure relaxation time for one gas, the per-meability of a microporous sample can be derived for the other gases. With the actual experimental setup, we measured the mass flow rate through the micro-porous media in the range 5 · 10 −7 − 5 · 10 −12 [kg s −1 ] and the permeability in the range 10 −14 − 10 −11 [m 2 ].
Martin Victor Johansson, Fabrice Testa, Imen Zaier, Pierre Perrier, Jean Philippe Bonnet, et al.. Mass flow rate and permeability measurements in microporous media. Vacuum, Elsevier, 2018, 158, pp.75-85. ⟨10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.030⟩. ⟨hal-01888007⟩
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaelle Georges, Laure Siozade, Philippe Moulin. Nanoparticles Retention Potential of Multichannel Hollow Fiber Drinking Water Production Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2018, 4 (2), pp.74 - 84. ⟨hal-01789032⟩ Plus de détails...
This study aims to investigate the potential of nanoparticle retention of ultrafi ltration (UF) multichannel hollow fiber membrane. Filtration experiments of fl uorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs) (10 and 100 nm) and CdTe quantum dots (1.5 nm) suspensions were carried out under diff erent operating conditions to analyze the retention rate (RT), the fouling zone and the membrane productivity. Fouling mechanism occurring during the experiment has been correlated with the distribution profi les of NPs obtained during the membrane autopsy after fi ltration by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results show that large NPs are totally retained on the membrane surface. Medium NPs pass through the membrane at the beginning of the fi ltration and are gradually stopped in the membrane skin before forming a deposit on the membrane surface. The retention rate of small NPs also increases over time and an in-depth fouling of the membrane (skin + support) has been identifi ed. Mass balance and determination of NPs surface deposit thickness, in the case of a filtration cake, determined by CLSM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed the estimation of NPs amount trapped in the membrane structure (skin or support) and have been compared to the fouling resistance observed during the filtration run. The CLSM analysis of the membrane on its section presents, in that study, a signifi cant interest because of the high accuracy of the measures: 538.16 nm compared to the 5000 nm reported in a previous study.
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaelle Georges, Laure Siozade, Philippe Moulin. Nanoparticles Retention Potential of Multichannel Hollow Fiber Drinking Water Production Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2018, 4 (2), pp.74 - 84. ⟨hal-01789032⟩
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Klaas Kaag, Philippe Moulin. Comparison of seawater and freshwater ultrafiltration on semi-industrial scale: ballast water treatment application. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, In press. ⟨hal-01789024⟩ Plus de détails...
Non-native aquatic species can be introduced in new areas through emptying of the ballast tanks, with a high impact on health, economy and environment. This is considered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO): (i) in 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BMW Convention) in order to diminish the risk of introducing harmful and/or potentially invasive species through ballast water. (ii) the BWM Convention entered into force on 8 September 2017 and could opens a new market for ballast water treatment. The aim for industry is to operate with an acceptable fouling rate between cleaning steps. Indeed, if fouling rates are low, clean in place will be infrequent. The aim of this work is to develop a sustainable ultrafiltration system designed for ballast water treatment and the first step is to have a better understanding of membrane fouling in relation to intake water variations. The major contribution and novelty of this study is successful ballast water treatment using an ultrafiltration process at industrial scale a high technological readiness level in order to show the applicability of the ultrafiltration processes for the ballast water treatment. In this study operating conditions were determined for seawater and freshwater conditions.
Julie Guilbaud, Yvan Wyart, Klaas Kaag, Philippe Moulin. Comparison of seawater and freshwater ultrafiltration on semi-industrial scale: ballast water treatment application. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, In press. ⟨hal-01789024⟩
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaëlle Georges, Laure Siozade Lamoine, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Effect of salinity and nanoparticle polydispersity on UF membrane retention fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2018, 563, pp.405-418. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.077⟩. ⟨hal-02114445⟩ Plus de détails...
In this study, the retention potential and the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) multichannel hollow fiber membrane regarding nanoparticles (NPs) have been assessed. Filtration experiments of fluorescent 10 nm and 1.5 nm NPs (respectively NP-10 and NP-1.5) suspensions filtered individually were carried out under different transmembrane pressures. A complexification of the feed suspension through the mix of NPs sizes and/or the salinity adding have been investigated. The retention rate (RR), the fouling location and the membrane productivity have been analyzed and compared in each case to determine the influence of salinity and polydispersity of the feed suspensions on NP retention. Results show that RR of NP-10 stays constant when NPs are filtered in ideal suspension (NP-10/ultrapure water), or when they are filtered with NP-1.5 and/or with 50 mmol L-1 of NaCl and reaches at least 99%. However, RR of NP-1.5 is modified by the presence of NP-10 and/or 50 mmol L-1 of NaCl. This retention rate is considerably decreased by the complexification of suspensions tested. Estimation of NPs quantity blocked at the membrane at the end of the filtration by mass balance showed no significative variation for NP-1.5 (relative to the RR obtained) while a larger quantity of NP-10 remained blocked at the membrane with the adding of NP-1.5 and/or salts in feed suspension. Location of NPs by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) at the end of the filtration showed that filtered individually, NP-10 are blocked in membrane skin and on membrane surface while NP-1.5 are blocked in the entire membrane material. Filtered simultaneously, the location of these two sizes of NPs is not modified but NP-1.5 seems to form clusters in the membrane material and the participation of NP-10 and NP-1.5 to the deposit formed on the membrane surface is increased. The adding of salinity leads to the same observations than the filtration of both sizes mixed.
Morgane Le Hir, Yvan Wyart, Gaëlle Georges, Laure Siozade Lamoine, Patrick Sauvade, et al.. Effect of salinity and nanoparticle polydispersity on UF membrane retention fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2018, 563, pp.405-418. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.077⟩. ⟨hal-02114445⟩
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes: From lab-scale to pilot-scale. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2017, 123, pp.311 - 320. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.062⟩. ⟨hal-01631038⟩ Plus de détails...
S.A. Toudji, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, J-L. Gardarein, Emilie Carretier. New experimental setup for continuous mass flux measurement in pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Elsevier, 2017, 124 (1), pp.252 - 259. ⟨10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.029⟩. ⟨hal-01590253⟩ Plus de détails...
Pervaporation is a separation process of liquid mixtures through a thin non-porous membrane. In vacuum pervaporation, the global mass flux is classically estimated by weighing the mass of permeate collected in cold traps. In this work, we propose a new experimental setup that allows a continuous measurement of the mass flux. The new mass flux method measurement was validated for single component permeation (ethanol and water) by comparing mass of permeate collected in cold traps with the level decrease of feed liquid measured with a pressure sensor. This new setup can be useful for laboratory studies dealing with the evolution of mass flux according to different parameters of the process as, for example, the permeate side pressure level or temperature of liquid feed.
S.A. Toudji, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, J-L. Gardarein, Emilie Carretier. New experimental setup for continuous mass flux measurement in pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Elsevier, 2017, 124 (1), pp.252 - 259. ⟨10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.029⟩. ⟨hal-01590253⟩
Tawfik El Moussaoui, Yasamine Jaouad, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot, Naaila Ouazzani. Biomass behaviour in a conventional activated sludge system treating olive mill wastewater. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2017, 39 (2), pp.190 - 202. ⟨10.1080/09593330.2017.1296899⟩. ⟨hal-01816020⟩ Plus de détails...
The current work aims to study the biomass behaviour in a continuous mode activated sludge system (ASS) treating olive mill wastewater (OMWW) through an increasing OMWW food to microorganism ration (F/M). To this end, the biomass growth, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), microbial characterization, sludge volume index (SVI) as well as COD and phenolic compounds removal efficiencies were examined over time. Results showed a successful growth of the biomass that reached 6.79 g(TSS) l(-1) and 5.42 g(VSS) l(-1). Its viability, its adaptability, and its good physiological activity were confirmed by the obtained result of SOUR with an average of 9.95 mg(O2)gV(SS)(-1)h(-1), as well as aerobic microbial population characterization in terms of aerobic revivable bacteria at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C, Pseudomonas sp., mould and yeast and total fungi. The concentration of these strains characterized by their ability to degrade effectively COD and phenolic compounds increased significantly (p < .05) over time. This demonstrated a great promptness in response to the increasing OMWW mass ratio. For all treatment steps, removal efficiencies were high and reached 95% of COD and 93% of phenolic compounds, also the flocs settleability shown by SVI measurement was optimal.
Tawfik El Moussaoui, Yasamine Jaouad, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot, Naaila Ouazzani. Biomass behaviour in a conventional activated sludge system treating olive mill wastewater. Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2017, 39 (2), pp.190 - 202. ⟨10.1080/09593330.2017.1296899⟩. ⟨hal-01816020⟩
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, Benoit Laborie, et al.. Reused of Slurry By Membrane Processes for Microelectronic Industry. Water today, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. ⟨hal-01656407⟩ Plus de détails...
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, Benoit Laborie, et al.. Reused of Slurry By Membrane Processes for Microelectronic Industry. Water today, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. ⟨hal-01656407⟩
O. Kazakov, J. Ongena, E. Lerche, M. Mantsinen, D. Van eester, et al.. Efficient generation of energetic ions in multi-ion plasmas by radio-frequency heating. Nature Physics, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, 13 (10), pp.973-978. ⟨10.1038/NPHYS4167⟩. ⟨cea-01898634⟩ Plus de détails...
We describe a new technique for the efficient generation of high-energy ions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in multi-ion plasmas. The discussed ‘three-ion’ scenarios are especially suited for strong wave absorption by a very low number of resonant ions. To observe this effect, the plasma composition has to be properly adjusted, as prescribed by theory. We demonstrate the potential of the method on the world-largest plasma magnetic confinement device, JET (Joint European Torus, Culham, UK), and the high-magnetic-field tokamak Alcator C-Mod (Cambridge, USA). The obtained results demonstrate efficient acceleration of $^3$He ions to high energies in dedicated hydrogen–deuterium mixtures. Simultaneously, effective plasma heating is observed, as a result of the slowing-down of the fast $^3$He ions. The developed technique is not only limited to laboratory plasmas, but can also be applied to explain observations of energetic ions in space-plasma environments, in particular, $^3$He-rich solar flares.
O. Kazakov, J. Ongena, E. Lerche, M. Mantsinen, D. Van eester, et al.. Efficient generation of energetic ions in multi-ion plasmas by radio-frequency heating. Nature Physics, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, 13 (10), pp.973-978. ⟨10.1038/NPHYS4167⟩. ⟨cea-01898634⟩
Philippe Moulin. Drinking Water Production By Ultrafiltration: Mobile Technology Helps Fire Services. Water today, 2017, 11, pp.42-48. ⟨hal-01656401⟩ Plus de détails...
Sophie Arénillas, Maryse Drouin, Emmanuel Monnin, Philippe Moulin. Glycerin Removal from Ultrafiltration Flat Sheet Membranes by Filtration and Soaking. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2017, 3 (2), pp.102 - 108. ⟨10.22079/jmsr.2016.23080⟩. ⟨hal-01647166⟩ Plus de détails...
In the case of pharmaceutical processes, the presence of preservatives can be problematic and the quantity is subject to stringent standards. So, the aim of this study is to quantify the removal of glycerin contained in ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes by filtration and soaking. This is carried out over a wide range of membranes with different characteristics. The selected flat sheet membranes (with a surface of 14.5 cm²) have a Molecular Weight Cut-Off (MWCO) ranging from 5 to 60 kDa. They are made of different organic materials (polyethersulfone, regenerated cellulose and etc.) and are manufactured by different suppliers (Millipore, Sartorius, GE Osmonics, Novasep, Pall). The density and therefore the glycerin concentration measurements are carried out in filtered distilled water (dead-end filtration) and distilled water of soaking (diffusion phenomenon). This study gives experi-mental information about the glycerin quantity as a function of membrane characteristics and the position of glycerin on the membrane (skin layer and support). The various studied parameters are the removal kinetic, the filtered volume, the filtration pressure and the contact time.
Sophie Arénillas, Maryse Drouin, Emmanuel Monnin, Philippe Moulin. Glycerin Removal from Ultrafiltration Flat Sheet Membranes by Filtration and Soaking. Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2017, 3 (2), pp.102 - 108. ⟨10.22079/jmsr.2016.23080⟩. ⟨hal-01647166⟩
Philippe Moulin, Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, V. Labed, Y. Wyart, et al.. Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Effluents By Reverse Osmosis Membranes: From Lab-Scale to Pilot-Scale. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. ⟨hal-01889583⟩ Plus de détails...
The recent use of the reverse osmosis (RO) process at the damaged Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant generated a growing interest in the application of this process for decontamination purposes. This study focused on the development of a robust RO process for decontamination of two kinds of liquid effluents: a contaminated groundwater after a nuclear disaster and a contaminated seawater during a nuclear accident. The SW30 HR membrane was selected among other in this study due to higher retentions (96% for Cs and 98% for Sr) in a true groundwater. Significant fouling and scaling phenomenon, attributed to calcium and strontium precipitation, were evidenced in this work: this underscored the importance of the lab scale experiment in the process. Validation of the separation performances on trace radionuclides concentration was performed with similar retention around 96% between surrogates Cs (inactive) and 137Cs (radioactive). The scale up to a 2.6 m2 spiral wound membrane led to equivalent retentions (around 96% for Cs and 99% for Sr) but lower flux values: this underlined that the hydrodynamic parameters (flowrate/cross-flow velocity) should be optimized. This methodology was also applied on the reconstituted seawater effluent: retentions were slightly lower than for the groundwater and the same hydrodynamic effects were observed on the pilot scale. Then, ageing of the membrane through irradiation experiments were performed. Results showed that the membrane active layer composition influenced the membrane resistance towards γ irradiation: the SW30 HR membrane performances (retention and permeability) were better than the Osmonics SE at 1 MGy. Finally, to supplement the scale up approach, the irradiation of a spiral wound membrane revealed a limited effect on the permeability and retention. This indicated that irradiation conditions need to be controlled for a further development of the process.
Philippe Moulin, Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, V. Labed, Y. Wyart, et al.. Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Effluents By Reverse Osmosis Membranes: From Lab-Scale to Pilot-Scale. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2017, 123, pp.311-320. ⟨hal-01889583⟩
X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, et al.. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2017, 57 (10), pp.102001. ⟨10.1088/1741-4326/aa5e28⟩. ⟨hal-01660974⟩ Plus de détails...
The 2014-2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L-H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at beta(N) similar to 1.8 and n/n(GW) similar to 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D-T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed.
X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, et al.. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2017, 57 (10), pp.102001. ⟨10.1088/1741-4326/aa5e28⟩. ⟨hal-01660974⟩
Nicolas Combernoux, L. Schrive, V. Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes. Water today, 2017, 9, pp.44-58. ⟨hal-01656412⟩ Plus de détails...
Nicolas Combernoux, L. Schrive, V. Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Treatment of radioactive liquid effluents by reverse osmosis membranes. Water today, 2017, 9, pp.44-58. ⟨hal-01656412⟩
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Irradiation effects on RO membranes: Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier, 2016, 134, pp.126-135. ⟨10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.034⟩. ⟨hal-01461790⟩ Plus de détails...
In this study, the investigation of the degradation of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane under gamma irradiation was carried out in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A gamma Co-60 source was used to reach irradiation doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 MGy, with a constant dose rate of 0.5 kGy h(-1). The RO membranes degradation was assessed using XPS and ATR-FTIR for the chemical modification of the membrane active layer. Ion chromatography, pH measurement and gas chromatography were also used to identify and quantify the species release in aqueous and gaseous phases. Results showed a difference in the degradation of the membrane active layer and support layer between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The different analysis performed suggested that the breakage of amide bonds was significantly higher in aerobic conditions rather than in anaerobic. This observation was confirmed by the measurement of an increasing amount of release species in aqueous and gaseous phase in aerobic conditions. Ester bonds scissions were highlighted as soon as the dose reached the value of 0.1 MGy in both conditions indicating an important sensitivity of the PVA-type coating of the RO membrane towards irradiation. Nevertheless, investigation of the top 10 nm surface of the active layer composition by XPS showed that the scissions of amide and ester bonds were similar in both conditions. Finally, all these results underlined a difference in the degradation mechanisms of the RO membranes: in anaerobic conditions, the degradation was limited to the top surface of the membrane and reductive species were involved in the degradation reactions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Irradiation effects on RO membranes: Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Elsevier, 2016, 134, pp.126-135. ⟨10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.034⟩. ⟨hal-01461790⟩
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007⟩. ⟨hal-01461796⟩ Plus de détails...
This study investigates the effects due to the water content and to the drying pre-treatment on the extraction kinetics of solutes extracted from Dunaliella sauna microalgae by supercritical CO2. The extraction experiments were conducted at pressure range from 20 up to 40 MPa at a temperature of 333 K on crushed samples with water content varying from 5.5 up to 23 wt%. Three drying pre-treatments were applied: air flow drying at 318 K, air flow drying followed by additional microwave treatment and freeze-drying. A water content up to 23 wt% helps to extract a higher content of carotenoids (mainly beta-carotene) and does not restrict the extraction process. Sovova's mathematical model was applied and the parameters were adapted for the description of the extraction curves from samples containing high water content with a deviation between experimental and calculated values comprised between 1.1% and 4.3%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007⟩. ⟨hal-01461796⟩
Nicolas Combernoux, Véronique Labed, Luc Schrive, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Effect of gamma irradiation at intermediate doses on the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Elsevier, 2015, ⟨10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.017⟩. ⟨hal-01294902⟩ Plus de détails...
The goal of this study is to explain the degradation of Polyamide (PA) composite reverse osmosis membrane (RO) in function of the irradiation dose. Irradiations were performed with a gamma 60Co source in wet conditions and under oxygen atmosphere. For different doses of 0.2 and 0.5 MGy with a constant dose rate of 0.5 kGy h−1, RO membranes performances (NaCl retention, permeability) were studied before and after irradiation. ATR-FTIR, ion chromatography and gas chromatography were used to characterize structural modification. Results showed that the permeability of RO membranes irradiated at 0.2 MGy exhibited a small decrease, related to scissions of the PVA coating. However, retention did not change at this dose. At 0.5 MGy, permeability showed a large increase of a factor around 2 and retention began to decrease from 99% to 95%. Chromatography measurements revealed a strong link between permselectivity properties variation, ion leakage and oxygen consumption. Add to ATR-FTIR observations, these results emphasized that the cleavages of amide and ester bonds were observed at 0.5 MGy, more precisely the loss of hydrogen bonds between polyamide chains. By different analysis, modifications of the polysulfone layer occur until a dose of 0.2 MGy.
Nicolas Combernoux, Véronique Labed, Luc Schrive, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Effect of gamma irradiation at intermediate doses on the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Elsevier, 2015, ⟨10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.017⟩. ⟨hal-01294902⟩
Journal: International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480, pp.64 - 73. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01916447⟩ Plus de détails...
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480, pp.64 - 73. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01916447⟩
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480 (2), pp.64-73. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01295140⟩ Plus de détails...
This study aims to investigate the impact of irradiation on the behavior of Polyamide (PA) composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Irradiations were performed for two doses (0.1 and 1 MGy) in wet conditions under an oxygen atmosphere, with a gamma 60Co source. Irradiation effect on RO membranes performances (NaCl rejection, permeability) was studied before and after irradiation. ATR-FTIR, XPS, AFM, FESEM microscopy, ion chromatography were also used to characterize structural modifications. Results show that NaCl rejection of RO membranes irradiated at 1 MGy decreased until 64% and permeability increased by a factor of three. Nevertheless, membranes irradiated at 0.1 MGy did not exhibit any change in theirs permselectivity properties. Advanced analysis techniques confirmed that the firsts effects of gamma rays on RO membranes occurred between 0.1 and 1 MGy. Results emphasize that gamma rays effects on the RO membranes led to the breaking of amide and ester bonds at 1 MGy. These breakings resulted in loss of hydrogen bonds between polyamide chains, and consequently to a relaxation of the polyamide network. Finally, modifications of the polysulfone layer underneath were highlighted. Both relaxation of the polyamide network and modifications of the polysulfone layer could be involved in the drop of the permselectivity properties.
Nicolas Combernoux, Luc Schrive, Véronique Labed, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, et al.. Study of polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane degradation in water under gamma rays. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2015, 480 (2), pp.64-73. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01295140⟩
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Influence of ionic strength on membrane selectivity during the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, 2015, 116, pp.243-248. ⟨10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.013⟩. ⟨hal-01462145⟩ Plus de détails...
Due to their numerous biological properties, natural sulfated polysaccharides have attracted the interest of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Membrane processes were thought to be especially suitable for their production at industrial scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride, often used as a preservative and a precipitation adjuvant, on the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. In pure water, results showed a complete retention of the polymers on membranes with molecular weight cut-off up to eight times the molecular weight of the studied pentasaccharides. When NaCl was added to a concentration of 0.5 mol L-1, retention rates decreased significantly (approximate to-50%). As no relevant modification of the molecules size was observed through hydrodynamic radius measurements, these variations of selectivity were fully attributed to the screening of membrane surface charges by the electrolyte. Therefore, optimising the ultrafiltration of charged molecules need absolutely exammining electrostatic interactions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Influence of ionic strength on membrane selectivity during the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, 2015, 116, pp.243-248. ⟨10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.013⟩. ⟨hal-01462145⟩
Camille Delcroix, Jean-Philippe Bonnet, Martial Etienne, Philippe Moulin. Influence of ionic strength on membrane selectivity during the ultrafiltration of sulfated pentasaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, 2015, 116, pp.243 - 248. ⟨10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.013⟩. ⟨hal-01916459⟩ Plus de détails...
Gregory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Moulin, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197 - 202. ⟨10.2166/wst.2014.476⟩. ⟨hal-01916461⟩ Plus de détails...
Gregory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Moulin, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197 - 202. ⟨10.2166/wst.2014.476⟩. ⟨hal-01916461⟩
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérôme Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Size fractionation of elements and nanoparticles in natural water by both dead-end and tangential flow filtration. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8194-8203. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2015.1019371⟩. ⟨hal-01294903⟩ Plus de détails...
The influence of membrane filtration modes on the estimation of size distribution for natural elements in water was investigated. The stepwise membrane filtration is used to distinguish different size fractions including large particulate (>18 μm), particulate (0.2–18 μm), colloidal/nanoparticle (10 kDa–0.2 μm), and truly dissolved fractions (<10 kDa) in river water samples and wastewater treatment plants effluents. Dead-end and tangential flow filtrations were compared during fractionation process. For most elements, concentrations in different size fractions obtained by two filtration modes were generally similar. The obvious difference was only found in acid fractions for some elements, which might be related to the cake grown at membrane surfaces between two filtration modes. In case of elemental partitioning, the influence of filtration modes was normally negligible, when the membranes used and operational factors were exactly the same.
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérôme Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Size fractionation of elements and nanoparticles in natural water by both dead-end and tangential flow filtration. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8194-8203. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2015.1019371⟩. ⟨hal-01294903⟩
Grégory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Dhaler, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197-202. ⟨10.2166/wst.2014.476⟩. ⟨hal-01143831⟩ Plus de détails...
The aim of this study is to apply the membrane bioreactor technology in an oxidation ditch in submerged conditions. This new wastewater filtration process will benefit rural areas (<5,000 population equivalent) subject to chronic water shortages by reusing this water for irrigation of green areas. For this purpose, the membranes developed without support are immersed in an aeration well and work in suction mode. The development of the membrane without support and more precisely the performance of spacers are approached by computational fluid dynamics in order to provide the best compromise between pressure drop/flow velocity and permeate flux. The numerical results on the layout and the membrane modules' geometry in the aeration well indicate that the optimal configuration is to install the membranes horizontally on three levels. Membranes should be connected to each other to a manifold providing a total membrane area of 18 m(2). Loss rate compared to the theoretical throughput is relatively low (less than 3%). Preliminary data obtained by modeling the lagoon provide access to its hydrodynamics, revealing that recirculation zones can be optimized by making changes in the operating conditions. The experimental validation of these results and taking into account the aeration in the numerical models are underway.
Grégory Cano, Adil Mouahid, Emilie Carretier, Pascal Guasp, Didier Dhaler, et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane filtration process adapted for water treatment of aerated sewage lagoons. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 71 (2), pp.197-202. ⟨10.2166/wst.2014.476⟩. ⟨hal-01143831⟩
Yasamine Jaouad, Maud Villain, Naaila Ouazzani, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot. Biodegradation of olive mill wastewater in a membrane bioreactor: acclimation of the biomass and constraints. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8109-8118. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2015.1025435⟩. ⟨hal-01297598⟩ Plus de détails...
In order to overcome the toxic effect of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) on biomass during biological treatment, this work will test OMWW biodegradation in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) using an acclimation procedure and will study its constraints. Special focus will be put on soluble microbial products (SMP) analysis in MBR and their impact on membrane fouling. The study was realized in an external ceramic ultrafiltration MBR which offers more flexibility than the other biological treatments (i.e. independence between both hydraulic and sludge retention time) and a smaller footprint. Fed with a mass ratio of 40% OMWW/60% glucose, MBR biomass showed efficient chemical oxygen demand and polyphenols removal rates of, respectively, 90 and 65% despite a low activity of 3.2 mgO2 gMLVSS−1 h−1 due to the harsh and toxic environment. Moreover, HPLC analysis has showed a removal from the permeate of the major phenolic compounds including hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and caffeic acid. The monitoring of SMP concentrations has contributed to identify the presence of an environmental stress during OMWW input. Polysaccharide and protein are the main SMP fractions released with, respectively, 10 ± 0.1–20 ± 0.5 mg gMLVSS−1 and 4 ± 0.01–8 ± 0.01 mg gMLVSS−1. These SMP and higher molecular weight compounds brought by OMWW were found to be partially responsible for the intensive membrane fouling obtained. The feasibility of biomass acclimation directly to OMWW composed of multi-phenolic compounds was proved in MBR and its constraints were discussed. Microfiltration membrane would be suggested to overcome the constraints observed when ultrafiltration membrane was used (150 kDa).
Yasamine Jaouad, Maud Villain, Naaila Ouazzani, Laila Mandi, Benoît Marrot. Biodegradation of olive mill wastewater in a membrane bioreactor: acclimation of the biomass and constraints. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2015, 57 (18), pp.8109-8118. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2015.1025435⟩. ⟨hal-01297598⟩
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérôme Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Application of membrane processes in fractionation of elements in river water. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 72 (12), pp.2277-90. ⟨10.2166/wst.2015.444⟩. ⟨hal-01294900⟩ Plus de détails...
The influence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents from one microelectronic industrial zone on element concentrations and partitioning in river water was investigated. The stepwise membrane filtration is used to distinguish different size fractions including large particulate (>18 μm), particulate (0.2-18 μm), colloidal/nanoparticle (10 kDa-0.2 μm) and truly dissolved fractions (<10 kDa) in river water samples and WWTP effluents. Results demonstrated that anthropogenic inputs (WWTP effluents and industrial area) had an important influence on concentrations and partitioning of some elements in river water. Mass balance results showed that membrane filtration processes could realize a good fractionation for many elements (good recoveries) in water samples. Flux decline during 0.2 μm and 10 kDa filtrations were analyzed, and corresponding fouling mechanisms are discussed.
N. Wu, Yvan Wyart, Jérôme Rose, B. Angeletti, Philippe Moulin. Application of membrane processes in fractionation of elements in river water. Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, 2015, 72 (12), pp.2277-90. ⟨10.2166/wst.2015.444⟩. ⟨hal-01294900⟩
Y. Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241 - 250. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012⟩. ⟨hal-01916455⟩ Plus de détails...
Y. Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241 - 250. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012⟩. ⟨hal-01916455⟩
Yvan Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241-250. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012⟩. ⟨hal-01270789⟩ Plus de détails...
In order to provide a better understanding of the impact of flocculant used on membrane properties in drinking water production, a complete structural characterization of membranes was carried out from microscopic to macroscopic scale. New flat-sheet PES membranes with 10, 30 and 100 kDa MWCO were characterized by SEM, ellipsometry of angle resolved scattering (EARS), white light interferometry (WLI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that AFM is able to differentiate between membranes according to their MWCO and their manufacturing processes. The impact of flocculant filtration (PAX-XL 7A and Aqualenc F1) on flat-sheet PES 100 kDa membrane was studied. SEM and AFM characterizations revealed a modification of membrane surface state after flocculant filtration and cleaning step. AFM was finally used to characterize hollow fiber membranes after 1 and 2 years of water production. The results showed that AFM is a very interesting tool to investigate membrane ageing.
Yvan Wyart, R. Tamime, L. Siozade, I. Baudin, K. Glucina, et al.. Morphological analysis of flat and hollow fiber membranes by optical and microscopic methods as a function of the fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 472, pp.241-250. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.012⟩. ⟨hal-01270789⟩
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Laure Siozade, Gaelle Georges, Gaëlle Georges, et al.. Characterization of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by quantum dots by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 470, pp.40-51. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.001⟩. ⟨hal-01270818⟩ Plus de détails...
The extensive applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can result in their release into waters. Membrane processes have great potential in reducing ENMs release. In that case, the issues of particular concern are membrane fouling caused by ENMs during separation processes. The objective of the present study is to improve the understanding of how ENMs are retained by membranes. An innovative methodology using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) is developed to locate fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in different depths of fouled ultrafiltration membranes. With the help of image analysis software, both qualitative and quantitative information about the distribution of QDs in membranes are obtained. For low molecular weight cut off (MWCO) membranes (1, 5 and 10 kDa), QDs (sizes from 1 to 5 nm) distributed mainly around surfaces or on top of membranes, accompanied with near 100% retention regardless of transmembrane pressure. As membrane MWCO increased (30 and 100 kDa), more QDs could pass through membranes accompanied with decreasing retention efficiencies and the occurrence of QDs was usually in deeper positions of membranes. Distribution results were in agreement with fouling analysis which demonstrated that standard blocking (internal fouling) and/or cake models (external fouling) frequently occurred during filtrations of QDs.
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Laure Siozade, Gaelle Georges, Gaëlle Georges, et al.. Characterization of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by quantum dots by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2014, 470, pp.40-51. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.001⟩. ⟨hal-01270818⟩
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21 - 29. ⟨10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004⟩. ⟨hal-01916452⟩ Plus de détails...
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21 - 29. ⟨10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004⟩. ⟨hal-01916452⟩
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21-29. ⟨10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004⟩. ⟨hal-01295147⟩ Plus de détails...
An alternative ultrafiltration membrane integrity test utilizing magnetic nanoparticle as a surrogate has been investigated in previous studies, but the absence of a feasible estimation model for the degree of membrane damage causes that this simple membrane integrity test would be not applied easily. This study proposed a calculating model to predict membrane defect size, and investigated the theoretic resolution of the integrity test method. The results obtained with the evolved prediction model D, which is based on Darcy’s law and Bernoulli equation, were satisfactory in predicting the membrane defect size. In this study, this integrity test method had about 39.33% probability to have a theoretic resolution of 3 μm or less under common experimental conditions.
Songlin Wang, Xiuqing Lu, Ning Zhou, Wen Xiong, Xiaohui Wu, et al.. Analysis of performance criteria for ultrafiltration membrane integrity test using magnetic nanoparticles. Desalination, Elsevier, 2014, 353, pp.21-29. ⟨10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.004⟩. ⟨hal-01295147⟩
Patrice Bacchin, Quentin Derekx, Damien Veyret, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Clogging of microporous channels networks: role of connectivity and tortuosity. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer Verlag, 2014, 17 (1), pp.85-96. ⟨10.1007/s10404-013-1288-4⟩. ⟨hal-01295161⟩ Plus de détails...
The aim of this work is to study the pore blocking by the use of microfluidic devices (microseparators) and numerical simulation approaches. The microseparators are made in PDMS and are constituted of an array of microchannels 20 μm wide with three types of structure: straight microchannels, connected microchannels (or aligned square pillars) and staggered square pillars in order to mimic merely the complexity of the flow encountered in filters or membranes (tortuosity, connectivity between pores). Direct observation with video microscopy of filtrations of 5 μm latex particles has been performed to examine the capture of particles. The results show a piling up of particles within the porous media leading to a clogging. The capture efficiency remains low (<0.1 %). In the case of filtration in the forest of pillars, the capture is faster and arises mainly between the pillars. The increase in tortuosity in the microseparator leads then to a rise of the clogging. It must be caused by the increase in critical trajectories leading to the capture of particles on the PDMS walls. At the same time, numerical simulations of filtration in parallel with microchannels have been performed in the same flow conditions with GeoDict software. The different kind of experimental deposit structure can be simulated, but there is still inaccuracy in the description of the accumulation kinetics. These discrepancies are probably due to the lack of accuracy to depict particle/particle colloidal interactions in simulations and the fact that re-suspension of particles after capture is not well described.
Patrice Bacchin, Quentin Derekx, Damien Veyret, Karl Glucina, Philippe Moulin. Clogging of microporous channels networks: role of connectivity and tortuosity. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer Verlag, 2014, 17 (1), pp.85-96. ⟨10.1007/s10404-013-1288-4⟩. ⟨hal-01295161⟩
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the ă most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the ă biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.017⟩. ⟨hal-01464699⟩ Plus de détails...
Apart from providing a total activated sludge (AS) inhibition, an ă efficient AS inhibition technique must preserve the biomass structure in ă order to maintain the real sorption phenomenon. Many inhibition ă techniques with different modes of action were used in previous studies ă for AS inhibition. But, the effectiveness of AS deactivation and the ă adverse effects on the biomass structure were rarely related. In this ă paper, five common AS inhibition techniques were evaluated: thermal, ă three chemical and gas purging techniques. The lowest chemical effective ă concentrations were determined in order to limit the negative impact on ă the AS structure. 100 mgHg(2)SO(4) g(TSS)(-1) and 30 mgHgCl(2) ă g(TSS)(-1) within 2 h of reaction were enough to provide a complete AS ă inhibition. However, after 20 h of reaction a full AS inhibition has ă never been achieved with sodium azide at 200 mgNaN(3) g(TSS)(-1), even ă by increasing NaN3 concentration. ă The analysis of the AS apparent viscosity, the median size D-50 of the ă flocs and the supernatant turbidity showed that the thermal technique ă destructured the AS completely. A significant AS deflocculation is ă induced by the three chemical reagents depending on the mode of action ă and the concentration used. Thermal and chemical inactivations are ă therefore not suitable to determine sorption properties. The only ă technique which kept the initial AS structure unchanged has several ă drawbacks since (i) a reaction might occur between the gas and the ă analyte of interest, and (ii) anaerobic activated sludge are not ă inhibited by this technique. Therefore, the establishment of anaerobic ă conditions without gas injection is recommended for implementing ă sorption experiments on aerobic AS. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights ă reserved.
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the ă most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the ă biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.017⟩. ⟨hal-01464699⟩
J.L. Perrin, N. Raïs, N. Chahinian, P. Moulin, M. Ijjaali. Water quality assessment of highly polluted rivers in a semi-arid Mediterranean zone Oued Fez and Sebou River (Morocco). Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, 2014, 510, pp.26 - 34. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.002⟩. ⟨hal-01928819⟩ Plus de détails...
J.L. Perrin, N. Raïs, N. Chahinian, P. Moulin, M. Ijjaali. Water quality assessment of highly polluted rivers in a semi-arid Mediterranean zone Oued Fez and Sebou River (Morocco). Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, 2014, 510, pp.26 - 34. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.002⟩. ⟨hal-01928819⟩
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.117⟩. ⟨hal-01050196⟩ Plus de détails...
Apart from providing a total activated sludge (AS) inhibition, an efficient AS inhibition technique must preserve the biomass structure in order to maintain the real sorption phenomenon. Many inhibition techniques with different modes of action were used in previous studies for AS inhibition. But, the effectiveness of AS deactivation and the adverse effects on the biomass structure were rarely related. In this paper, five common AS inhibition techniques were evaluated: thermal, three chemical and gas purging techniques. The lowest chemical effective concentrations were determined in order to limit the negative impact on the AS structure. 100 mgHg2SO4 gTSS−1 and 30 mgHgCl2 gTSS−1 within 2 h of reaction were enough to provide a complete AS inhibition. However, after 20 h of reaction a full AS inhibition has never been achieved with sodium azide at 200 mgNaN3 gTSS−1, even by increasing NaN3 concentration. The analysis of the AS apparent viscosity, the median size D50 of the flocs and the supernatant turbidity showed that the thermal technique destructured the AS completely. A significant AS deflocculation is induced by the three chemical reagents depending on the mode of action and the concentration used. Thermal and chemical inactivations are therefore not suitable to determine sorption properties. The only technique which kept the initial AS structure unchanged has several drawbacks since (i) a reaction might occur between the gas and the analyte of interest, and (ii) anaerobic activated sludge are not inhibited by this technique. Therefore, the establishment of anaerobic conditions without gas injection is recommended for implementing sorption experiments on aerobic AS.
Pierre Hamon, Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Determination of sorption properties of micropollutants: What is the most suitable activated sludge inhibition technique to preserve the biomass structure?. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2014, 242, pp.260-268. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.117⟩. ⟨hal-01050196⟩
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Recycling a slurry for reuse in chemical mechanical planarization of tungsten wafer: effect of chemical adjustments and comparison between static and dynamic experiments. Microelectronic Engineering, Elsevier, 2014, 113, pp.114-122. ⟨10.1016/j.mee.2013.07.022⟩. ⟨hal-01053254⟩ Plus de détails...
Recycling abrasive slurry that has been used in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the options for reducing the cost of manufacturing microchip processors. We use ultrafiltration which is a method of choice to recycle silica (SiO2)-based slurry. Taking into account that the chemical composition of abrasive slurry plays an important role in tungsten CMP (W-CMP), chemical adjustments have to be made so that the concentrated after used slurry can be reused. In this study, we investigate the effects of chemical additives (iron catalyst, oxalic acid as complexing agent and surfactants as stabilizers) in slurry that has been retreated by ultrafiltration. Experiments are conducted both under static and dynamic conditions and results are compared to better understand the effect of chemical adjustments on the main performances of W-CMP. An optimal chemical adjustment is proposed through a design of experiments evaluation to obtain a concentrated after used and chemically adjust slurry comparable to the operational point of use slurry.
Fabrice Testa, Clémence Coetsier, Emilie Carretier, M. Ennahali, B. Laborie, et al.. Recycling a slurry for reuse in chemical mechanical planarization of tungsten wafer: effect of chemical adjustments and comparison between static and dynamic experiments. Microelectronic Engineering, Elsevier, 2014, 113, pp.114-122. ⟨10.1016/j.mee.2013.07.022⟩. ⟨hal-01053254⟩
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, A. Vincent, et al.. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2014, 56, pp.325-365. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050⟩. ⟨hal-01053262⟩ Plus de détails...
Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and concentration steps, but in all cases, the membranes must be cleaned regularly to remove both organic and inorganic material deposited on the surface and/or into the membrane bulk. Cleaning/disinfection is a vital step in maintaining the permeability and selectivity of the membrane in order to get the plant to its original capacity, to minimize risks of bacteriological contamination, and to make acceptable products. For this purpose, a large number of chemical cleaning/disinfection agents are commercially available. In general, these cleaning/disinfection agents have to improve the membrane flux to a certain extent. However, they can also cause irreversible damages in membrane properties and performances over the long term. Until now, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane ageing than to cleaning/disinfection. The knowledge in cleaning/disinfection efficiency has recently been improved. But in order to develop optimized cleaning/disinfection protocols there still remains a challenge to better understand membrane ageing. In order to compensate for the lack of correlated cleaning/disinfection and ageing data from the literature, this paper investigates cleaning/disinfection efficiencies and ageing damages of organic ultrafiltration membranes. The final aim is to provide less detrimental cleaning/disinfection procedures and to propose some guidelines which should have been taken into consideration in term of membrane ageing studies. To carry out this study, this article will detail the background of cleaning/disinfection and aging membrane topics in a first introductive part. In a second part, key factors and endpoints of cleaning/disinfection and aging membranes will be discussed deeply: the membrane role and the cleaning parameters roles, such as water quality, storing conditions, cleaning/disinfection/aging agents/conditions/protocols. The third and last part will be developed the parameters, methods and ways of characterization at our disposal and commonly used to develop and implement membrane cleaning and/or ageing studies.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, A. Vincent, et al.. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. Water Research, IWA Publishing, 2014, 56, pp.325-365. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050⟩. ⟨hal-01053262⟩
Maud Villain, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of synthetic or real urban wastewater on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances and membrane fouling under stable conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2014, 155, pp.235-244. ⟨10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.063⟩. ⟨hal-01053345⟩ Plus de détails...
Influence of substrate type (synthetic (SWW) or real wastewater (RWW)) on lab scale MBR performances (e.g. COD and N-NH4+ removal rates and bioactivities) was assessed. Membrane fouling was related to MBR biological medium characteristics. With RWW, autotrophic biomass was better acclimated with complete ammonium removal. MBR biological medium was characterized by main soluble microbial products (SMP) (proteins, polysaccharides and humic-like substances) quantification and molecular weights (MW) distribution determination. The biological medium of SWW acclimation contained 60 mg L (1) more of SMP, mainly composed of proteins and polysaccharides. A protein fraction having high MW (>600 kDa) could be responsible for higher removable fouling fraction in that case. SMP of RWW experiment were mainly composed of small proteic and humic-like fractions, poorly retained by the membrane and resulting in a weak augmentation of irremovable and irreversible fouling fractions compared to SWW acclimation. Therefore RWW utilization is preferable to approach real operating MBR.
Maud Villain, Isabelle Bourven, Gilles Guibaud, Benoît Marrot. Impact of synthetic or real urban wastewater on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances and membrane fouling under stable conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2014, 155, pp.235-244. ⟨10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.063⟩. ⟨hal-01053345⟩
Philippe Moulin, C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. ⟨10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.027⟩. ⟨hal-00995692⟩ Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.
Philippe Moulin, C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. ⟨10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.027⟩. ⟨hal-00995692⟩
Philippe Moulin, Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbacher, Günter Langergraber, et al.. Wastewater treatment prac ces in Africa - Experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013. ⟨hal-01916469⟩ Plus de détails...
Philippe Moulin, Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbacher, Günter Langergraber, et al.. Wastewater treatment prac ces in Africa - Experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013. ⟨hal-01916469⟩
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-00993082⟩ Plus de détails...
This work demonstrates that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is efficient for the complete recovery of neutral lipids from microalgae with a water content up to 20 wt%, allowing thus a further full characterization of this oil. This is a first useful step in the framework of lipid production from microalgae either for nutraceutical, food or for energy applications. This study is particularly focused on the influence of the pretreatments upon extraction kinetics and yields. This study proposes a complete study at laboratory scale (10 g per batch of dry biomass) of the influence of pretreatments (type of drying and grinding) and of water content on the extraction kinetics and yields as well as on the oil composition in terms of lipidic classes and profiles. Two drying pretreatments (drying under air flow and freeze-drying) applied on Nannochloropsis oculata were studied. Extraction experiments were carried out at 40 MPa, 333 K, with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 0.5 kg h−1 and for different granulometries. Results showed that drying under air flow at 308 K is the most adequate pretreatment leading to the most rapid kinetics. Whatever the pretreatment used, the extracted oil contains more than 90 wt% of triglycerides and does not contain phospholipids. As expected, the smaller the particle size, the faster the extraction kinetics. Finally, an increase in the biomass water content up to 20 wt% increases the global extraction kinetics (extraction of both water and oil) but appears to have no influence on oil extraction yields. Moreover, the extraction of neutral lipids happens to be complete for a CO2/charge mass ratio ranging from 30 to 130 depending on the operating conditions and on the characteristics of the treated biomass. Finally, pilot scale experiments were performed with batches up to 15 kg in order to evaluate the influence of pressure and particle size on the extraction kinetics and yields. Extracts obtained at 333 K with operating pressures of 50 MPa and 85 MPa have similar compositions and do not contain phospholipids.
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-00993082⟩
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Yanping Liu, Jérôme Rose, Philippe Moulin. An overview of solid/liquid separation methods and size fractionation techniques for engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environment. Environmental Technology Reviews, 2013, 2 (1), pp.55-70. ⟨10.1080/09593330.2013.788073⟩. ⟨hal-00996048⟩ Plus de détails...
The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will inevitably result in their release into natural environment and thereby lead to the exposure of living organisms. Hence, a new concern has arisen for the risk assessment of these emerging contaminants in the natural environment, especially in aquatic systems as an important sink and exposure source. Reducing the release of nanomaterials into water could contribute significantly to reducing exposure. Thus it is vital to consider how to manage wastewater containing such ultrafine nano-objects. This review provides an overview of technologies (classical and innovative) for nanomaterials separation/removal, which are discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as parameters affecting removal efficiency. To investigate the occurrence and fate of ENMs in the aquatic environment, the development of appropriate approaches for their separation prior to analysis is needed urgently. Finally, a brief summary of techniques for sample preparation and fractionation of ENMs in the natural aquatic environment is presented.
Nan Wu, Yvan Wyart, Yanping Liu, Jérôme Rose, Philippe Moulin. An overview of solid/liquid separation methods and size fractionation techniques for engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environment. Environmental Technology Reviews, 2013, 2 (1), pp.55-70. ⟨10.1080/09593330.2013.788073⟩. ⟨hal-00996048⟩
Philippe Moulin, Camille Regula, Emilie Carretier, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, Michelle Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: Case of drinking water. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013. ⟨hal-01916481⟩ Plus de détails...
Philippe Moulin, Camille Regula, Emilie Carretier, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, Michelle Sergent, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: Case of drinking water. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013. ⟨hal-01916481⟩
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024⟩. ⟨hal-00993077⟩ Plus de détails...
The aim of this work is to show that the equations developed by Sovová, based on the concept of broken and intact cells for describing the supercritical extraction curves from plants and vegetables, can be applied for the modelling of the supercritical CO2 extraction curves obtained with microalgae. Experimental and modelling results of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lipids from four different microalgae: Nannochloropsis oculata, Cylindrotheca closterium, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, are presented. The experimental setup is a laboratory scale apparatus which allows an accurate monitoring of the mass loss of the microalgae sample during the extraction. The experimental data were obtained at a pressure of 40 MPa, a temperature of 333 K and CO2 flow rates from 0.3 to 0.5 kg/h. The extraction experiments were performed on samples having undergone different pretreatments: (i) after harvesting and centrifugation, microalgae were dried either by freeze-drying or air flow drying) and (ii) they were ground and sieved at different particle sizes (particle diameters ranging from 160 to 1000 μm). The complete extraction of neutral lipids was performed leading to mass losses up to 30% depending on the samples and on the operating conditions. Extracts were mainly composed of triglycerides (more than 90 wt% of extracts). The mathematical model published in 2005 and the simplified equations of extraction curves (using the characteristic times characterizing each extraction step) published in 2012 by Sovová were chosen to fit the experimental data. Among the hypotheses proposed by Sovovà, we considered that the flow pattern of supercritical CO2 in the extraction autoclave was plug flow and the extraction process was supposed to occur with negligible solute-matrix interactions. The adjustable parameters were calculated by minimizing the sum of least squares between experimental and calculated values of the extraction yield. Good agreement between the two models and our experimental measurements was obtained. The average absolute relative deviation ranges between 0.5 and 10.2%.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Elsevier, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024⟩. ⟨hal-00993077⟩
Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Influence of sludge retention time at constant food to microorganisms ratio on membrane bioreactor performances under stable and unstable state conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 128, pp.134-144. ⟨10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.108⟩. ⟨hal-00995702⟩ Plus de détails...
Food to microorganisms ratio (F/M) and sludge retention time (SRT) are known to affect in different ways biomass growth, bioactivities and foulants characteristics. Thus the aim of this study was to dissociate the effects of SRT from those of F/M ratio on lab-scale membrane bioreactors performances during stable and unstable state. Two acclimations were stabilized at a SRT of either 20 or 50 d with a constant F/M ratio of 0.2 kgCOD kgMLVSS−1 d−1. During stable state, a higher N-NH4+ removal rate (78%) was obtained at SRT of 50 d as an easier autotroph development was observed. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) release was double at 50 d with a majority of polysaccharides (49% of total SMP). The unstable conditions consisted in F/M ratio changes and operation without air and nutrient. Autotrophs were highly affected by the tested disturbances and SMP retention on membrane surface exhibited consistent changes during the performed stresses.
Maud Villain, Benoît Marrot. Influence of sludge retention time at constant food to microorganisms ratio on membrane bioreactor performances under stable and unstable state conditions. Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 128, pp.134-144. ⟨10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.108⟩. ⟨hal-00995702⟩
J. Vicente, Y. Wyart, P. Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨hal-01459483⟩ Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but also highlighting pore fouling.
J. Vicente, Y. Wyart, P. Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨hal-01459483⟩
G. Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Pressure fields in an industrial UF module: effect of backwash. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4907-4913. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2013.795255⟩. ⟨hal-00995664⟩ Plus de détails...
In the last decade, membrane manufacturers have improved their ultrafiltration module to raise the production of drinking water in order to meet an increasing demand. The usual process used is an inside-out filtration in dead-end mode. In this configuration, the energy consumption is limited by outside-in backwashes. Raising the permeability of the membranes lead to an increase in module compactness and strongly modify the driving force in the module. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict the pressure and velocity field in the hollow fiber network (HFN) taking into account several parameters as the geometry of the module, the inlet pressure, gravity, and temperature. For the industrial tested module configuration, results shown that hollow fibers work in a homogeneous way in filtration mode but a great heterogeneity appear during the backwash. All the results have been validated compared with experimental values.
G. Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Pressure fields in an industrial UF module: effect of backwash. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4907-4913. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2013.795255⟩. ⟨hal-00995664⟩
Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbaker, Günter Langergraber, Benoît Marrot, et al.. Wastewater treatment practices in Africa : experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013, 14, pp.26-34. ⟨hal-00995647⟩ Plus de détails...
In this paper, existing wastewater treatment practices in 7 African countries, i.e. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia, are reported. Data were collected by questioning wastewater treatment plants managers as well as treated wastewater users in 2012. This study showed that 0.2 to 63 L/d/person of wastewater are treated in these countries, with the higher levels obtained for North Africa. Technically, treatment plants (mostly activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds) deal with high organic loads, uncontrolled input, power cuts and increasing wastewater flow rates. Poor operation and maintenance (O&M), in part caused by the lack of funds, high energy costs and lack of re-investments, is also a serious reported issue. Consequently, treatment plants often deliver insufficient effluent quality, which negatively affects the environment and acceptability of stakeholders towards the treated water. Other challenges, such as water availability, long-term impacts, financial and social constraints, affecting the reuse, are also discussed. [authors abstract]
Josiane Nikiema, Alberto Figoli, Norbert Weissenbaker, Günter Langergraber, Benoît Marrot, et al.. Wastewater treatment practices in Africa : experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 2013, 14, pp.26-34. ⟨hal-00995647⟩
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Characterization (2D-3D) of ceramic microfiltration membrane by synchrotron radiation: new and abraded membranes. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i6.50⟩. ⟨hal-00994249⟩ Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but also highlighting pore fouling.
Jérôme Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. Characterization (2D-3D) of ceramic microfiltration membrane by synchrotron radiation: new and abraded membranes. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i6.50⟩. ⟨hal-00994249⟩
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Drinking water ultrafiltration: state of the art and experimental designs approach. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4892-4900. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2013.795213⟩. ⟨hal-00995678⟩ Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This can result in membrane degradations, failures, and be shut down for membrane replacement and therefore affect the production rate of the process and its sustainability. These phenomena raise the problem of necessary optimization of the cleaning procedures that have to tackle simultaneously, the best cleaning efficiency and the less detrimental procedures for the membranes. Despite the fact that aging is becoming a major issue between end-users, membrane manufacturers, and chemical product suppliers, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane aging than to cleaning. First, this study briefly reviews articles dedicated to aging damages involved by NaOCl and commercial detergents (especially on polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane). Then, the present study details the innovative way setup: "Designs of experiments" is used to provide additional data that help with a thorough understanding of membrane aging. Thus, contrary to the accelerated aging approach that is commonly used in membrane-aging researches (concentration per time of contact: "c × t parameter"), designs of experiments were used to organize at best the aging experiments in order to achieve a relevant establishment of an aging pattern. Results show that this scientific approach provides a satisfying and reliable pattern to simulate membrane aging in function of the chosen chemical parameters.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Drinking water ultrafiltration: state of the art and experimental designs approach. Desalination and Water Treatment, FHF, 2013, 51 (25-27), pp.4892-4900. ⟨10.1080/19443994.2013.795213⟩. ⟨hal-00995678⟩
C Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. ⟨hal-01209422⟩ Plus de détails...
During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.
C Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Genevieve Gesan-Guiziou, et al.. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water. Medical Engineering and Physics, Elsevier, 2013, 4 (1), pp.27-51. ⟨hal-01209422⟩
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. ⟨10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.053⟩. ⟨hal-00996029⟩ Plus de détails...
In this study, ageing characteristics of an industrial hollow-fiber membrane module were investigated after 50 months of drinking water production. For this purpose, the industrial module was opened to make 18 smaller modules with hollow-fibers taken from different parts of the industrial module. These modules were probed by the use of a magnetic nanoparticle (NP) challenge test based on magnetic susceptibility (K) measurement of permeate. No magnetic susceptibility was detected in permeate when the challenge test was performed on an intact membrane module, indicating the complete retention of nanoparticles by the membrane. The compromised membrane module can be successfully detected by means of magnetic susceptibility measurement in permeate. So, this study clearly demonstrates that ageing of ultrafiltration membranes can be monitored by measuring the magnetic susceptibility of permeate from an ultrafiltration membrane module. These results showed that the hollow fibers in the center zones of the bundle would age faster than those in the outer zones around the bundle. This result is in agreement with numerical simulation (Daurelle et al. 2011).
Songlin Wang, Yvan Wyart, J. Pérot, F. Nauleau, Philippe Moulin. Study of the ageing of hollow fibers in an industrial module for drinking water production. Membrane Water Treatment, Techno-Press, Korean Science, 2013, 4 (1), pp.53-67. ⟨10.12989/mwt.2013.4.1.053⟩. ⟨hal-00996029⟩
José Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC ă MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED ă MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨hal-01464725⟩ Plus de détails...
Membranes are used in many industrial fields and, when performances of ă these processes decrease, the issue of modifying the porous structure is ă often raised. Many optical or microscopic techniques allow us to ă perfectly characterize the membrane's surface but very few allow the ă characterization of its depth. Through the comparison between a new and ă an abraded membrane, this paper presents the post-processing of images ă obtained by radiation synchrotron and associated dimensions that can be ă obtained by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Thus, the whole ă thickness of the membrane is obtained from the skin to the permeate exit ă and a morphological analysis of the solid and pore phase is proposed at ă the heart of the membrane. The two-dimensional characterization allows ă one to perfectly define the mapping of the pores and to quantify by ă different comparisons the modification of the skin of a membrane after ă usage. The 3D characterization by X-ray tomography at the scale of the ă thickness of the membrane allows us to obtain the granulometric ă distribution of the different phases of the porous matrix. This ability ă to characterize both the solid and the pores is relevant to the study of ă membranes, showing not only the modification of the solid matrix but ă also highlighting pore fouling.
José Vicente, Yvan Wyart, Philippe Moulin. CHARACTERIZATION (TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL) OF CERAMIC ă MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE BY SYNCHROTRON RADIATION: NEW AND ABRADED ă MEMBRANES. Journal of Porous Media, Begell House, 2013, 16 (6), pp.537-545. ⟨hal-01464725⟩
Gregory Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity fields in ultrafiltration membrane modules used in drinking water production. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2013, 431, pp.221-232. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.082⟩. ⟨hal-00996064⟩ Plus de détails...
During the process of drinking water production using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module, the configuration generally used is an inside-out filtration in dead-end mode. In this configuration the energy consumption is limited by outside-in backwashes. Enlarging the membrane packing density and permeability raises the permeate flow and results in an increase of the module compactness. However, this strongly modifies the hydrodynamics into the module. This study allows us to determine the pressure and velocity fields in the hollow fiber network of the modules. The geometry of the module and the membranes, the membrane permeability and compactness as well as the operating entry values such as filtration or backwash pressures and gravity were taken into account. Therefore, whatever these parameters may be, it is possible to determine the pressure and velocity fields in an ultrafiltration module. It was shown that during an inside-out filtration and for the three industrial tested module configurations the hollow fibers work in a homogeneous way ±0.4%. However, in the case of the backwash, a greater heterogeneity may appear. Finally, the reliability of the model proposed in this paper is confirmed by comparing its numerical results with experimental data.
Gregory Cano, P. Steinle, Jean-Vincent Daurelle, Yvan Wyart, K. Glucina, et al.. Determination of pressure and velocity fields in ultrafiltration membrane modules used in drinking water production. Journal of Membrane Science, Elsevier, 2013, 431, pp.221-232. ⟨10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.082⟩. ⟨hal-00996064⟩
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of ultrafiltration membranes in contact with sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidant: experimental designs as a new ageing protocol. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 103, pp.119-138. ⟨10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.010⟩. ⟨hal-00996093⟩ Plus de détails...
In drinking water production plants using membrane processes, contact with cleaning chemicals is believed to play an important role in membrane ageing. In this article, polysulfone membranes were used to simulate the industrial cleaning in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was mimicked by immersing samples in solutions containing sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidants with various concentrations, temperatures and soaking times defined by experimental designs. For the first time in the chemical membranes ageing research, an approach based on methodological tools has been realized. The main interest is to achieve a relevant ageing pattern without using an accelerated ageing protocol (high concentrations and short contact times). The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurement and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR (to identify the chemical functional groups affected by ageing) and SEM (to visualize qualitatively the surface changes and deteriorations). The present work details the comparison between NaOCl and another oxidant: P3-Oxysan ZS (composed of peracetic and peroctanoic acid). The comparison of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of hypochlorite-aged membranes and P3-Oxysan ZS-aged membrane indicate NaOCl is far more detrimental for membrane integrity than P3-Oxysan ZS. The latter might give an alternative solution to the use of chlorine on industrial plant. The obtained results let to consider less harmful cleaning products on membranes. Then, the present study based on experimental designs let to underline that the most commonly used parameter "concentration × time of exposure" (c × t) was not a representative tool to predict membrane ageing.
C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, Yvan Wyart, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, et al.. Ageing of ultrafiltration membranes in contact with sodium hypochlorite and commercial oxidant: experimental designs as a new ageing protocol. Separation and Purification Technology, Elsevier, 2013, 103, pp.119-138. ⟨10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.010⟩. ⟨hal-00996093⟩
